diff --git a/alsactl/alsactl.c b/alsactl/alsactl.c
index b462be6..3c29428 100644
--- a/alsactl/alsactl.c
+++ b/alsactl/alsactl.c
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ static int get_controls(int cardno, snd_config_t *top)
 	snd_ctl_elem_list_alloca(&list);
 
 	sprintf(name, "hw:%d", cardno);
-	err = snd_ctl_open(&handle, name);
+	err = snd_ctl_open(&handle, name, 0);
 	if (err < 0) {
 		error("snd_ctl_open error: %s", snd_strerror(err));
 		return err;
@@ -878,7 +878,7 @@ static int set_controls(int card, snd_config_t *top)
 	snd_ctl_card_info_alloca(&info);
 
 	sprintf(name, "hw:%d", card);
-	err = snd_ctl_open(&handle, name);
+	err = snd_ctl_open(&handle, name, 0);
 	if (err < 0) {
 		error("snd_ctl_open error: %s", snd_strerror(err));
 		return err;
diff --git a/alsamixer/alsamixer.c b/alsamixer/alsamixer.c
index 1ae1b54..476909d 100644
--- a/alsamixer/alsamixer.c
+++ b/alsamixer/alsamixer.c
@@ -1252,14 +1252,14 @@ mixer_init (void)
   int err;
   snd_ctl_card_info_alloca(&hw_info);
   
-  if ((err = snd_ctl_open (&ctl_handle, card_id)) < 0)
+  if ((err = snd_ctl_open (&ctl_handle, card_id, 0)) < 0)
     mixer_abort (ERR_OPEN, "snd_ctl_open", err);
   if ((err = snd_ctl_card_info (ctl_handle, hw_info)) < 0)
     mixer_abort (ERR_FCN, "snd_ctl_card_info", err);
   snd_ctl_close (ctl_handle);
   /* open mixer device
    */
-  if ((err = snd_mixer_open (&mixer_handle)) < 0)
+  if ((err = snd_mixer_open (&mixer_handle, 0)) < 0)
     mixer_abort (ERR_FCN, "snd_mixer_open", err);
   if ((err = snd_mixer_attach (mixer_handle, card_id)) < 0)
     mixer_abort (ERR_FCN, "snd_mixer_attach", err);
diff --git a/amixer/amixer.c b/amixer/amixer.c
index 91a7af2..ec2b48b 100644
--- a/amixer/amixer.c
+++ b/amixer/amixer.c
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ static int info(void)
 	snd_ctl_card_info_alloca(&info);
 	snd_ctl_elem_list_alloca(&clist);
 	
-	if ((err = snd_ctl_open(&handle, card)) < 0) {
+	if ((err = snd_ctl_open(&handle, card, 0)) < 0) {
 		error("Control device %i open error: %s", card, snd_strerror(err));
 		return err;
 	}
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ static int info(void)
 		printf("  Controls      : %i\n", snd_ctl_elem_list_get_count(clist));
 	}
 	snd_ctl_close(handle);
-	if ((err = snd_mixer_open(&mhandle)) < 0) {
+	if ((err = snd_mixer_open(&mhandle, 0)) < 0) {
 		error("Mixer open error: %s", snd_strerror(err));
 		return err;
 	}
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ static int controls(int level)
 	snd_ctl_elem_id_t *id;
 	snd_ctl_elem_id_alloca(&id);
 	
-	if ((err = snd_hctl_open(&handle, card)) < 0) {
+	if ((err = snd_hctl_open(&handle, card, 0)) < 0) {
 		error("Control %s open error: %s", card, snd_strerror(err));
 		return err;
 	}
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ static int selems(int level)
 	snd_mixer_elem_t *elem;
 	snd_mixer_selem_id_alloca(&sid);
 	
-	if ((err = snd_mixer_open(&handle)) < 0) {
+	if ((err = snd_mixer_open(&handle, 0)) < 0) {
 		error("Mixer %s open error: %s", card, snd_strerror(err));
 		return err;
 	}
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ static int cset(int argc, char *argv[], int roflag)
 		show_control_id(id);
 		printf("\n");
 	}
-	if ((err = snd_ctl_open(&handle, card)) < 0) {
+	if ((err = snd_ctl_open(&handle, card, 0)) < 0) {
 		error("Control %s open error: %s\n", card, snd_strerror(err));
 		return err;
 	}
@@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ static int cset(int argc, char *argv[], int roflag)
 	if (!quiet) {
 		snd_hctl_t *hctl;
 		snd_hctl_elem_t *elem;
-		if ((err = snd_hctl_open(&hctl, card)) < 0) {
+		if ((err = snd_hctl_open(&hctl, card, 0)) < 0) {
 			error("Control %s open error: %s\n", card, snd_strerror(err));
 			return err;
 		}
@@ -895,7 +895,7 @@ static int sset(unsigned int argc, char *argv[], int roflag)
 		fprintf(stderr, "Specify what you want to set...\n");
 		return 1;
 	}
-	if ((err = snd_mixer_open(&handle)) < 0) {
+	if ((err = snd_mixer_open(&handle, 0)) < 0) {
 		error("Mixer %s open error: %s\n", card, snd_strerror(err));
 		return err;
 	}
@@ -1046,7 +1046,7 @@ static int events(int argc ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, char *argv[] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 	snd_hctl_elem_t *helem;
 	int err;
 
-	if ((err = snd_hctl_open(&handle, card)) < 0) {
+	if ((err = snd_hctl_open(&handle, card, 0)) < 0) {
 		error("Control %s open error: %s\n", card, snd_strerror(err));
 		return err;
 	}
@@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ static int sevents(int argc ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, char *argv[] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 	snd_mixer_t *handle;
 	int err;
 
-	if ((err = snd_mixer_open(&handle)) < 0) {
+	if ((err = snd_mixer_open(&handle, 0)) < 0) {
 		error("Mixer %s open error: %s", card, snd_strerror(err));
 		return err;
 	}
diff --git a/aplay/aplay.c b/aplay/aplay.c
index c6f1ad9..bfc361c 100644
--- a/aplay/aplay.c
+++ b/aplay/aplay.c
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ static void device_list(void)
 	while (card >= 0) {
 		char name[32];
 		sprintf(name, "hw:%d", card);
-		if ((err = snd_ctl_open(&handle, name)) < 0) {
+		if ((err = snd_ctl_open(&handle, name, 0)) < 0) {
 			error("control open (%i): %s", card, snd_strerror(err));
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			goto __diga_end;
 		}
 		sprintf(ctl_name, "hw:%d", ctl_card);
-		if ((err = snd_ctl_open(&ctl_handle, ctl_name)) < 0) {
+		if ((err = snd_ctl_open(&ctl_handle, ctl_name, 0)) < 0) {
 			error("Unable to open the control interface '%s': %s", ctl_name, snd_strerror(err));
 			goto __diga_end;
 		}