Before potentially fixing up these functions, this cosmetic change
reduces the indentation level to make the code easier to read and
maintain.
No functional changes at all.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as797) fixes device_add() in the driver core. It needs to
pay attention when the driver for a new device reports an error.
At the same time, since bus_remove_device() undoes the effects of both
bus_add_device() and bus_attach_device(), it needs to check whether
the bus_attach_device step failed.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
If kmalloc() fails to allocate space for 'old_symlink_name' in
drivers/base/core.c::device_rename(), then we'll leak 'old_class_name'.
Spotted by the Coverity checker.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Return the return value of sysfs_create_group() in topology_add_dev().
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Check for device_create_file() return value in dma_pool_create().
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Check for return code of device_create_file() and correct cleanup in
the error case in device_add().
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Check return value of bus_add_attrs() in bus_register().
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Check for return value of sysfs_create_link() in class_device_add().
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Make dev_printk usable from non-GPL modules again
dev_printk now calls dev_driver_string. We want even proprietary modules
to be calling dev_printk, so the export of dev_driver_string needs to be
non-GPL-only.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <matthew@wil.cx>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Make sure data is freed if the kthread fails to start.
Signed-off-by: Duncan Sands <baldrick@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Replace kernel_thread() call in drivers/base/firmware_class.c with
kthread_create() since kernel_thread() is deprecated in drivers.
Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Manuel Estrada Sainz <ranty@debian.org>
Acked-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Change parameter names to match arguments of functions.
Signed-off-by: Rolf Eike Beer <eike-kernel@sf-tec.de>
Cc: Martin Waitz <tali@admingilde.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Using request_firmware to pull ucode from userspace, so we don't need the
application 'microcode_ctl' to assist. We name each ucode file according
to CPU's info as intel-ucode/family-model-stepping. In this way we could
split ucode file as small one. This has a lot of advantages such as
selectively update and validate microcode for specific models, better
manage microcode file, easily write tools for administerators and so on.
with the changes, we should put all intel-ucode/xx-xx-xx microcode files
into the firmware dir (I had a tool to split previous big data file into
small one and later we will release new style data file). The init script
should be changed to just loading the driver without unloading
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Acked-by: Tigran Aivazian <tigran@veritas.com>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-2.6: (47 commits)
Driver core: Don't call put methods while holding a spinlock
Driver core: Remove unneeded routines from driver core
Driver core: Fix potential deadlock in driver core
PCI: enable driver multi-threaded probe
Driver Core: add ability for drivers to do a threaded probe
sysfs: add proper sysfs_init() prototype
drivers/base: check errors
drivers/base: Platform notify needs to occur before drivers attach to the device
v4l-dev2: handle __must_check
add CONFIG_ENABLE_MUST_CHECK
add __must_check to device management code
Driver core: fixed add_bind_files() definition
Driver core: fix comments in drivers/base/power/resume.c
sysfs_remove_bin_file: no return value, dump_stack on error
kobject: must_check fixes
Driver core: add ability for devices to create and remove bin files
Class: add support for class interfaces for devices
Driver core: create devices/virtual/ tree
Driver core: add device_rename function
Driver core: add ability for classes to handle devices properly
...
Remove the atomic counter for slab_reclaim_pages and replace the counter
and NR_SLAB with two ZVC counter that account for unreclaimable and
reclaimable slab pages: NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE and NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE.
Change the check in vmscan.c to refer to to NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE. The
intend seems to be to check for slab pages that could be freed.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Do not display HIGHMEM memory sizes if CONFIG_HIGHMEM is not set.
Make HIGHMEM dependent texts and make display of highmem counters optional
Some texts are depending on CONFIG_HIGHMEM.
Remove those strings and remove the display of highmem counter values if
CONFIG_HIGHMEM is not set.
[akpm@osdl.org: remove some ifdefs]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch (as783) simplifies the driver core slightly by removing four
unnecessary _get and _put methods.
It is vital that when a driver is removed from its bus's klist of
registered drivers, or when a device is removed from a driver's klist
of bound devices, that the klist updates complete synchronously.
Otherwise the kernel might try binding an unregistered driver to a
newly-registered device, or adding a device to the klist for a new
driver before it has been removed from the old driver's klist.
Since the removals must be synchronous, they don't need to update any
reference counts. Hence the _get and _put methods can be dispensed
with.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
There is a potential deadlock in the driver core. It boils down to
the fact that bus_remove_device() calls klist_remove() instead of
klist_del(), thereby waiting until the reference count of the
klist_node in the bus's klist of devices drops to 0. The refcount
can't reach 0 so long as a modprobe process is trying to bind a new
driver to the device being removed, by calling __driver_attach(). The
problem is that __driver_attach() tries to acquire the device's
parent's semaphore, but the caller of bus_remove_device() is quite
likely to own that semaphore already.
It isn't sufficient just to replace klist_remove() with klist_del().
Doing so runs the risk that the device would remain on the bus's klist
of devices for some time, and so could be bound to another driver even
after it was unregistered. What's needed is a new way to distinguish
whether or not a device is registered, based on a criterion other than
whether its klist_node is linked into the bus's klist of devices. That
way driver binding can fail when the device is unregistered, even if
it is still linked into the klist.
This patch (as782) implements the solution, by adding a new bitflag to
indiate when a struct device is registered, by testing the flag before
allowing a driver to bind a device, and by changing the definition of
the device_is_registered() inline.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This adds the infrastructure for drivers to do a threaded probe, and
waits at init time for all currently outstanding probes to complete.
A new kernel thread will be created when the probe() function for the
driver is called, if the multithread_probe bit is set in the driver
saying it can support this kind of operation.
I have tested this with USB and PCI, and it works, and shaves off a lot
of time in the boot process, but there are issues with finding root boot
disks, and some USB drivers assume that this can never happen, so it is
currently not enabled for any bus type. Individual drivers can enable
this right now if they wish, and bus authors can selectivly turn it on
as well, once they determine that their subsystem will work properly
with it.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The platform_notify call for Arm and PPC architectures needs to be called
before the driver attaches to the device. The problem only presents itself
when hotplugging certain devices while the driver is already loaded.
Signed-off-by: Brian Walsh <brian@walsh.ws>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
When CONFIG_HOTPLUG is n, add_bind_files() definition is wrong.
This patch has fixed it.
Signed-off-by: Yoichi Yuasa <yoichi_yuasa@tripeaks.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Makes it easier for devices to create and remove binary attribute files
so they don't have to call directly into sysfs. This is needed to help
with the conversion from struct class_device to struct device.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
When moving class_device usage over to device, we need to handle
class_interfaces properly with devices. This patch adds that support.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This change creates a devices/virtual/CLASS_NAME tree for struct devices
that belong to a class, yet do not have a "real" struct device for a
parent. It automatically creates the directories on the fly as needed.
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This adds two new callbacks to the class structure:
int (*dev_uevent)(struct device *dev, char **envp, int num_envp,
char *buffer, int buffer_size);
void (*dev_release)(struct device *dev);
And one pointer:
struct device_attribute * dev_attrs;
which all corrispond with the same thing as the "normal" class devices
do, yet this is for when a struct device is bound to a class.
Someday soon, struct class_device will go away, and then the other
fields in this structure can be removed too. But this is necessary in
order to get the transition to work properly.
Tested out on a network core patch that converted it to use struct
device instead of struct class_device.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This fixes an oops when a device is attached to a class, yet has no
"parent" device. An example of this would be the "lo" device in the
network core.
We should create a "virtual" subdirectory under /sys/devices/ for these,
but no one seems to agree on a proper name for it yet...
Oh, and update my copyright on the driver core.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This is needed for the network class devices in order to be able to
convert over to use struct device.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Teach platform_bus about the new suspend_late/resume_early PM calls,
issued with IRQs off. Do we really need sysdev and friends any more,
or can janitors start switching its users over to platform_device so
we can do a minor code-ectomy?
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This adds warning when someone tries them from atomic context.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Remove the new suspend_prepare() phase. It doesn't seem very usable,
has never been tested, doesn't address fault cleanup, and would need
a sibling resume_complete(); plus there are no real use cases. It
could be restored later if those issues get resolved.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Add a new PM_SYSFS_DEPRECATED config option to control whether or
not the /sys/devices/.../power/state files are provided. This will
make it easier to get rid of that mechanism when the time comes,
and to verify that userspace tools work right without it.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Updates to match current code:
- Make writes to the /sys/devices/.../power/state files fail cleanly
if the device requires the irqs-off call variants.
- Fix comments describing the /sys/devices/.../power/state file writes
to match the code; the last several releases have invalidated the
previous text.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch is the first of this series that should actually change any
behavior ... by issuing the new event, now tha the rest of the kernel is
prepared to receive it.
This converts the PM core to issue the new PRETHAW message, which the rest of
the kernel is now ready to receive.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Fix a goof in Linus' recent PM API updates: don't emit any messages in the
typical NOP "already suspended it" late suspend case.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Allow devices to participate in the suspend process more intimately,
in particular, allow the final phase (with interrupts disabled) to
also be open to normal devices, not just system devices.
Also, allow classes to participate in device suspend.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
deprecate PHYSDEV* values in the uevent environment
These values are no longer needed and inconsistent with the
stacking of class devices. The event environment should not
carry properties of a parent device. The key PHYSDEVDRIVER is
available as DRIVER, PHYDEVBUS is indentical SUBSYSTEM. Class
devices should not carry any of these values.
Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Correct some comments in the hypervisor filesystem.
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
None of the other /proc/meminfo lines have a space in the identifier. This
post-2.6.17 addition has the potential to break existing parsers, so use an
underscore instead (like Committed_AS).
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Use hotplug version of register_cpu_notifier in late init functions.
Signed-off-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch contains the following cleanups:
- make the needlessly global bus_subsys static
- #if 0 the unused find_bus()
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Corrects the kerneldocs for device_create() and device_destroy()
with an eye on coding style, grammar and readability.
Signed-off-by: Henrik Kretzschmar <henne@nachtwindheim.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Warning(/var/linsrc/linux-2617-g4//drivers/base/core.c:574): No description found for parameter 'class'
Warning(/var/linsrc/linux-2617-g4//drivers/base/core.c:574): No description found for parameter 'devt'
Warning(/var/linsrc/linux-2617-g4//drivers/base/core.c:626): No description found for parameter 'devt'
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
It's useful to be able to turn off CONFIG_HOTPLUG for compile-coverage testing
and for section-checking coverage. But a few things go and select
CONFIG_HOTPLUG, making it a royal PITA to turn the thing off.
It's only turnable offable if CONFIG_EMBEDDED anyway. So let's make those
things depend on HOTPLUG, not select it.
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The numa statistics are really event counters. But they are per node and
so we have had special treatment for these counters through additional
fields on the pcp structure. We can now use the per zone nature of the
zoned VM counters to realize these.
This will shrink the size of the pcp structure on NUMA systems. We will
have some room to add additional per zone counters that will all still fit
in the same cacheline.
Bits Prior pcp size Size after patch We can add
------------------------------------------------------------------
64 128 bytes (16 words) 80 bytes (10 words) 48
32 76 bytes (19 words) 56 bytes (14 words) 8 (64 byte cacheline)
72 (128 byte)
Remove the special statistics for numa and replace them with zoned vm
counters. This has the side effect that global sums of these events now
show up in /proc/vmstat.
Also take the opportunity to move the zone_statistics() function from
page_alloc.c into vmstat.c.
Discussions:
V2 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t=115048227000002&r=1&w=2
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Conversion of nr_bounce to a per zone counter
nr_bounce is only used for proc output. So it could be left as an event
counter. However, the event counters may not be accurate and nr_bounce is
categorizing types of pages in a zone. So we really need this to also be a
per zone counter.
[akpm@osdl.org: bugfix]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Conversion of nr_unstable to a per zone counter
We need to do some special modifications to the nfs code since there are
multiple cases of disposition and we need to have a page ref for proper
accounting.
This converts the last critical page state of the VM and therefore we need to
remove several functions that were depending on GET_PAGE_STATE_LAST in order
to make the kernel compile again. We are only left with event type counters
in page state.
[akpm@osdl.org: bugfixes]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Conversion of nr_writeback to per zone counter.
This removes the last page_state counter from arch/i386/mm/pgtable.c so we
drop the page_state from there.
[akpm@osdl.org: bugfix]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This makes nr_dirty a per zone counter. Looping over all processors is
avoided during writeback state determination.
The counter aggregation for nr_dirty had to be undone in the NFS layer since
we summed up the page counts from multiple zones. Someone more familiar with
NFS should probably review what I have done.
[akpm@osdl.org: bugfix]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Conversion of nr_page_table_pages to a per zone counter
[akpm@osdl.org: bugfix]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
- Allows reclaim to access counter without looping over processor counts.
- Allows accurate statistics on how many pages are used in a zone by
the slab. This may become useful to balance slab allocations over
various zones.
[akpm@osdl.org: bugfix]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The current NR_FILE_MAPPED is used by zone reclaim and the dirty load
calculation as the number of mapped pagecache pages. However, that is not
true. NR_FILE_MAPPED includes the mapped anonymous pages. This patch
separates those and therefore allows an accurate tracking of the anonymous
pages per zone.
It then becomes possible to determine the number of unmapped pages per zone
and we can avoid scanning for unmapped pages if there are none.
Also it may now be possible to determine the mapped/unmapped ratio in
get_dirty_limit. Isnt the number of anonymous pages irrelevant in that
calculation?
Note that this will change the meaning of the number of mapped pages reported
in /proc/vmstat /proc/meminfo and in the per node statistics. This may affect
user space tools that monitor these counters! NR_FILE_MAPPED works like
NR_FILE_DIRTY. It is only valid for pagecache pages.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Currently a single atomic variable is used to establish the size of the page
cache in the whole machine. The zoned VM counters have the same method of
implementation as the nr_pagecache code but also allow the determination of
the pagecache size per zone.
Remove the special implementation for nr_pagecache and make it a zoned counter
named NR_FILE_PAGES.
Updates of the page cache counters are always performed with interrupts off.
We can therefore use the __ variant here.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
nr_mapped is important because it allows a determination of how many pages of
a zone are not mapped, which would allow a more efficient means of determining
when we need to reclaim memory in a zone.
We take the nr_mapped field out of the page state structure and define a new
per zone counter named NR_FILE_MAPPED (the anonymous pages will be split off
from NR_MAPPED in the next patch).
We replace the use of nr_mapped in various kernel locations. This avoids the
looping over all processors in try_to_free_pages(), writeback, reclaim (swap +
zone reclaim).
[akpm@osdl.org: bugfix]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
sysfs entries 'sched_mc_power_savings' and 'sched_smt_power_savings' in
/sys/devices/system/cpu/ control the MC/SMT power savings policy for the
scheduler.
Based on the values (1-enable, 0-disable) for these controls, sched groups
cpu power will be determined for different domains. When power savings
policy is enabled and under light load conditions, scheduler will minimize
the physical packages/cpu cores carrying the load and thus conserving
power(with a perf impact based on the workload characteristics... see OLS
2005 CMP kernel scheduler paper for more details..)
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org>
Cc: "Chen, Kenneth W" <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Make notifier_blocks associated with cpu_notifier as __cpuinitdata.
__cpuinitdata makes sure that the data is init time only unless
CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU is defined.
Signed-off-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
In 2.6.17, there was a problem with cpu_notifiers and XFS. I provided a
band-aid solution to solve that problem. In the process, i undid all the
changes you both were making to ensure that these notifiers were available
only at init time (unless CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU is defined).
We deferred the real fix to 2.6.18. Here is a set of patches that fixes the
XFS problem cleanly and makes the cpu notifiers available only at init time
(unless CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU is defined).
If CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU is defined then cpu notifiers are available at run
time.
This patch reverts the notifier_call changes made in 2.6.17
Signed-off-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Localize poison values into one header file for better documentation and
easier/quicker debugging and so that the same values won't be used for
multiple purposes.
Use these constants in core arch., mm, driver, and fs code.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Acked-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
With Goto-san's patch, we can add new pgdat/node at runtime. I'm now
considering node-hot-add with cpu + memory on ACPI.
I found acpi container, which describes node, could evaluate cpu before
memory. This means cpu-hot-add occurs before memory hot add.
In most part, cpu-hot-add doesn't depend on node hot add. But register_cpu(),
which creates symbolic link from node to cpu, requires that node should be
onlined before register_cpu(). When a node is onlined, its pgdat should be
there.
This patch-set holds off creating symbolic link from node to cpu
until node is onlined.
This removes node arguments from register_cpu().
Now, register_cpu() requires 'struct node' as its argument. But the array of
struct node is now unified in driver/base/node.c now (By Goto's node hotplug
patch). We can get struct node in generic way. So, this argument is not
necessary now.
This patch also guarantees add cpu under node only when node is onlined. It
is necessary for node-hot-add vs. cpu-hot-add patch following this.
Moreover, register_cpu calculates cpu->node_id by cpu_to_node() without regard
to its 'struct node *root' argument. This patch removes it.
Also modify callers of register_cpu()/unregister_cpu, whose args are changed
by register-cpu-remove-node-struct patch.
[Brice.Goglin@ens-lyon.org: fix it]
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Brice Goglin <Brice.Goglin@ens-lyon.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
When new node becomes enable by hot-add, new sysfs file must be created for
new node. So, if new node is enabled by add_memory(), register_one_node() is
called to create it. In addition, I386's arch_register_node() and a part of
register_nodes() of powerpc are consolidated to register_one_node() as a
generic_code().
This is tested by Tiger4(IPF) with node hot-plug emulation.
Signed-off-by: Keiichiro Tokunaga <tokuanga.keiich@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Change the name of old add_memory() to arch_add_memory. And use node id to
get pgdat for the node at NODE_DATA().
Note: Powerpc's old add_memory() is defined as __devinit. However,
add_memory() is usually called only after bootup.
I suppose it may be redundant. But, I'm not well known about powerpc.
So, I keep it. (But, __meminit is better at least.)
Signed-off-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Brown, Len" <len.brown@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch converts the combination of list_del(A) and list_add(A, B) to
list_move(A, B).
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: Ram Pai <linuxram@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <mita@miraclelinux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This is the minimal resume trace code to find which device resume (if
any) results in problems. Usually, you'd use the information this
generates as a starting point to adding more fine-grained trace event
points.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Considering that there isn't a lot of hw we can depend on during resume,
this is about as good as it gets.
This is x86-only for now, although the basic concept (and most of the
code) will certainly work on almost any platform.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
During the recent "isa drivers using platform devices" discussion it was
pointed out that (ALSA) ISA drivers ran into the problem of not having
the option to fail driver load (device registration rather) upon not
finding their hardware due to a probe() error not being passed up
through the driver model. In the course of that, I suggested a seperate
ISA bus might be best; Russell King agreed and suggested this bus could
use the .match() method for the actual device discovery.
The attached does this. For this old non (generically) discoverable ISA
hardware only the driver itself can do discovery so as a difference with
the platform_bus, this isa_bus also distributes match() up to the driver.
As another difference: these devices only exist in the driver model due
to the driver creating them because it might want to drive them, meaning
that all device creation has been made internal as well.
The usage model this provides is nice, and has been acked from the ALSA
side by Takashi Iwai and Jaroslav Kysela. The ALSA driver module_init's
now (for oldisa-only drivers) become:
static int __init alsa_card_foo_init(void)
{
return isa_register_driver(&snd_foo_isa_driver, SNDRV_CARDS);
}
static void __exit alsa_card_foo_exit(void)
{
isa_unregister_driver(&snd_foo_isa_driver);
}
Quite like the other bus models therefore. This removes a lot of
duplicated init code from the ALSA ISA drivers.
The passed in isa_driver struct is the regular driver struct embedding a
struct device_driver, the normal probe/remove/shutdown/suspend/resume
callbacks, and as indicated that .match callback.
The "SNDRV_CARDS" you see being passed in is a "unsigned int ndev"
parameter, indicating how many devices to create and call our methods with.
The platform_driver callbacks are called with a platform_device param;
the isa_driver callbacks are being called with a "struct device *dev,
unsigned int id" pair directly -- with the device creation completely
internal to the bus it's much cleaner to not leak isa_dev's by passing
them in at all. The id is the only thing we ever want other then the
struct device * anyways, and it makes for nicer code in the callbacks as
well.
With this additional .match() callback ISA drivers have all options. If
ALSA would want to keep the old non-load behaviour, it could stick all
of the old .probe in .match, which would only keep them registered after
everything was found to be present and accounted for. If it wanted the
behaviour of always loading as it inadvertently did for a bit after the
changeover to platform devices, it could just not provide a .match() and
do everything in .probe() as before.
If it, as Takashi Iwai already suggested earlier as a way of following
the model from saner buses more closely, wants to load when a later bind
could conceivably succeed, it could use .match() for the prerequisites
(such as checking the user wants the card enabled and that port/irq/dma
values have been passed in) and .probe() for everything else. This is
the nicest model.
To the code...
This exports only two functions; isa_{,un}register_driver().
isa_register_driver() register's the struct device_driver, and then
loops over the passed in ndev creating devices and registering them.
This causes the bus match method to be called for them, which is:
int isa_bus_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *driver)
{
struct isa_driver *isa_driver = to_isa_driver(driver);
if (dev->platform_data == isa_driver) {
if (!isa_driver->match ||
isa_driver->match(dev, to_isa_dev(dev)->id))
return 1;
dev->platform_data = NULL;
}
return 0;
}
The first thing this does is check if this device is in fact one of this
driver's devices by seeing if the device's platform_data pointer is set
to this driver. Platform devices compare strings, but we don't need to
do that with everything being internal, so isa_register_driver() abuses
dev->platform_data as a isa_driver pointer which we can then check here.
I believe platform_data is available for this, but if rather not, moving
the isa_driver pointer to the private struct isa_dev is ofcourse fine as
well.
Then, if the the driver did not provide a .match, it matches. If it did,
the driver match() method is called to determine a match.
If it did _not_ match, dev->platform_data is reset to indicate this to
isa_register_driver which can then unregister the device again.
If during all this, there's any error, or no devices matched at all
everything is backed out again and the error, or -ENODEV, is returned.
isa_unregister_driver() just unregisters the matched devices and the
driver itself.
More global points/questions...
- I'm introducing include/linux/isa.h. It was available but is ofcourse
a somewhat generic name. Moving more isa stuff over to it in time is
ofcourse fine, so can I have it please? :)
- I'm using device_initcall() and added the isa.o (dependent on
CONFIG_ISA) after the base driver model things in the Makefile. Will
this do, or I really need to stick it in drivers/base/init.c, inside
#ifdef CONFIG_ISA? It's working fine.
Lastly -- I also looked, a bit, into integrating with PnP. "Old ISA"
could be another pnp_protocol, but this does not seem to be a good
match, largely due to the same reason platform_devices weren't -- the
devices do not have a life of their own outside the driver, meaning the
pnp_protocol {get,set}_resources callbacks would need to callback into
driver -- which again means you first need to _have_ that driver. Even
if there's clean way around that, you only end up inventing fake but
valid-form PnP IDs and generally catering to the PnP layer without any
practical advantages over this very simple isa_bus. The thing I also
suggested earlier about the user echoing values into /sys to set up the
hardware from userspace first is... well, cute, but a horrible idea from
a user standpoint.
Comments ofcourse appreciated. Hope it's okay. As said, the usage model
is nice at least.
Signed-off-by: Rene Herman <rene.herman@keyaccess.nl>
This patch (as721) makes dev_info and related macros print the device's
bus name if the device doesn't have a driver, instead of printing just a
blank. If the device isn't on a bus either... well, then it does leave
a blank space. But it will be easier for someone else to change if they
want.
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <matthew@wil.cx>
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
We need to create the "compatible" symlinks that class_devices used to
create when they were in the class directories so that userspace does
not know anything changed at all.
Yeah, we have a lot of symlinks now, but we should be able to get rid of
them in a year or two... (wishful thinking...)
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Like the SUBSYTEM= key we find in the environment of the uevent, this
creates a generic "subsystem" link in sysfs for every device. Userspace
usually doesn't care at all if its a "class" or a "bus" device. This
provides an unified way to determine the subsytem of a device, regardless
of the way the driver core has created it.
Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This is the first step in moving class_device to being replaced by
struct device. It allows struct device to export a dev_t and makes it
easy to dynamically create and destroy struct device as long as they are
associated with a specific class.
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This is needed for a future patch for the device code to create the
proper symlinks for devices that are "class devices".
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Hi, this patch converts semaphores to mutexes for Randy's firmware_class.
Signed-off-by: Laura Garcia Liebana <nevola@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This makes the driver model PM suspend debug messages more useful, by
(a) explaining what event is being sent, since not all suspend()
requests mean the same thing;
(b) reporting when a PM_EVENT_SUSPEND call is allowing the device
to issue wakeup events.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
To have a home for all hypervisors, this patch creates /sys/hypervisor.
A new config option SYS_HYPERVISOR is introduced, which should to be set
by architecture dependent hypervisors (e.g. s390 or Xen).
Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
platform_device_add() should be using device_add() rather
than device_register() - any platform device passed to
platform_device_add() should have already been initialised,
either by platform_device_alloc() or platform_device_register().
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
allow sysdev_class adding attribute. Next patch will use the new API to
add an attribute under /sys/device/system/cpu/.
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch adds modalias support to platform devices, for simpler
hotplug/coldplug driven driver setup.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The drivers/base/power PM debug messages should appear when
either PM or driver model debug are enabled.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
class_device_add needs to check the return value of all the setup it
does. It doesn't handle out of memory well. This is not complete, probably
more needs to be done.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
split bus_add_device() and send device uevents after sysfs population
Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
From: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Revert commit ff4da2e262.
It broke APM suspend, probably because APM doesn't switch back to a VT
when suspending.
Tracked down by Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Rafael sayeth:
"It only fixed the theoretical issue that a quick-handed user could
switch to X after processes have been frozen and before the devices
are suspended.
With the current userland suspend tools it shouldn't be necessary."
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
- remove the following global function that is both unused and
unimplemented:
- register_firmware()
- make the following needlessly global function static:
- firmware_class_uevent()
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Extend the support of attribute groups in class_device's to allow
groups to be created as part of the registration process. This allows
network device's to avoid race between registration and creating
groups.
Note that unlike attributes that are a property of the class object,
the groups are a property of the class_device object. This is done
because there are different types of network devices (wireless for
example).
Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Few of the notifier_chain_register() callers use __init in the definition
of notifier_call. It is incorrect as the function definition should be
available after the initializations (they do not unregister them during
initializations).
This patch fixes all such usages to _not_ have the notifier_call __init
section.
Signed-off-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Print more diagnostic info to help identify the source of power management
suspend failures.
Example:
usb_hcd_pci_suspend(): pci_set_power_state+0x0/0x1af() returns -22
pci_device_suspend(): usb_hcd_pci_suspend+0x0/0x11b() returns -22
suspend_device(): pci_device_suspend+0x0/0x34() returns -22
Work-in-progress. It needs lots more suspend_report_result() calls sprinkled
everywhere.
Cc: Patrick Mochel <mochel@digitalimplant.org>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@suspend2.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The manual driver <-> device binding attribute in sysfs doesn't return
the correct value on failure or success of driver_probe_device.
driver_probe_device returns 1 on success (the driver accepted the
device) or 0 on probe failure (when the driver didn't accept the
device but no real error occured). However, the attribute can't just
return 0 or 1, it must return the number of bytes consumed from buf
or an error value. Returning 0 indicates to userspace that nothing
was written (even though the kernel has tried to do the bind/probe and
failed). Returning 1 indicates that only one character was accepted in
which case userspace will re-try the write with a partial string.
A more correct version of driver_bind would return count (to indicate
the entire string was consumed) when driver_probe_device returns 1
and -ENODEV when driver_probe_device returns 0. This patch makes that
change.
Signed-off-by: Ryan Wilson <hap9@epoch.ncsc.mil>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch tries to fix an issue in drivers/base/class.c, please
review and apply if correct.
Patch Description:
"parent_class" is checked for NULL already, so removed the unnecessary
check.
Signed-off-by: Jayachandran C. <c.jayachandran@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as667) changes the __device_release_driver() routine to
prevent it from crashing when it runs across a device not on any bus.
This seems logical, inasmuch as the corresponding bus_add_device()
routine has an explicit check allowing it to accept such devices.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
zone_pcp() only returns valid values if the processor is online.
Change node_read_numastat() to only scan online processors.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The kernel's implementation of notifier chains is unsafe. There is no
protection against entries being added to or removed from a chain while the
chain is in use. The issues were discussed in this thread:
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113018709002036&w=2
We noticed that notifier chains in the kernel fall into two basic usage
classes:
"Blocking" chains are always called from a process context
and the callout routines are allowed to sleep;
"Atomic" chains can be called from an atomic context and
the callout routines are not allowed to sleep.
We decided to codify this distinction and make it part of the API. Therefore
this set of patches introduces three new, parallel APIs: one for blocking
notifiers, one for atomic notifiers, and one for "raw" notifiers (which is
really just the old API under a new name). New kinds of data structures are
used for the heads of the chains, and new routines are defined for
registration, unregistration, and calling a chain. The three APIs are
explained in include/linux/notifier.h and their implementation is in
kernel/sys.c.
With atomic and blocking chains, the implementation guarantees that the chain
links will not be corrupted and that chain callers will not get messed up by
entries being added or removed. For raw chains the implementation provides no
guarantees at all; users of this API must provide their own protections. (The
idea was that situations may come up where the assumptions of the atomic and
blocking APIs are not appropriate, so it should be possible for users to
handle these things in their own way.)
There are some limitations, which should not be too hard to live with. For
atomic/blocking chains, registration and unregistration must always be done in
a process context since the chain is protected by a mutex/rwsem. Also, a
callout routine for a non-raw chain must not try to register or unregister
entries on its own chain. (This did happen in a couple of places and the code
had to be changed to avoid it.)
Since atomic chains may be called from within an NMI handler, they cannot use
spinlocks for synchronization. Instead we use RCU. The overhead falls almost
entirely in the unregister routine, which is okay since unregistration is much
less frequent that calling a chain.
Here is the list of chains that we adjusted and their classifications. None
of them use the raw API, so for the moment it is only a placeholder.
ATOMIC CHAINS
-------------
arch/i386/kernel/traps.c: i386die_chain
arch/ia64/kernel/traps.c: ia64die_chain
arch/powerpc/kernel/traps.c: powerpc_die_chain
arch/sparc64/kernel/traps.c: sparc64die_chain
arch/x86_64/kernel/traps.c: die_chain
drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_si_intf.c: xaction_notifier_list
kernel/panic.c: panic_notifier_list
kernel/profile.c: task_free_notifier
net/bluetooth/hci_core.c: hci_notifier
net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack_core.c: ip_conntrack_chain
net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack_core.c: ip_conntrack_expect_chain
net/ipv6/addrconf.c: inet6addr_chain
net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c: nf_conntrack_chain
net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c: nf_conntrack_expect_chain
net/netlink/af_netlink.c: netlink_chain
BLOCKING CHAINS
---------------
arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/reconfig.c: pSeries_reconfig_chain
arch/s390/kernel/process.c: idle_chain
arch/x86_64/kernel/process.c idle_notifier
drivers/base/memory.c: memory_chain
drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq.c cpufreq_policy_notifier_list
drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq.c cpufreq_transition_notifier_list
drivers/macintosh/adb.c: adb_client_list
drivers/macintosh/via-pmu.c sleep_notifier_list
drivers/macintosh/via-pmu68k.c sleep_notifier_list
drivers/macintosh/windfarm_core.c wf_client_list
drivers/usb/core/notify.c usb_notifier_list
drivers/video/fbmem.c fb_notifier_list
kernel/cpu.c cpu_chain
kernel/module.c module_notify_list
kernel/profile.c munmap_notifier
kernel/profile.c task_exit_notifier
kernel/sys.c reboot_notifier_list
net/core/dev.c netdev_chain
net/decnet/dn_dev.c: dnaddr_chain
net/ipv4/devinet.c: inetaddr_chain
It's possible that some of these classifications are wrong. If they are,
please let us know or submit a patch to fix them. Note that any chain that
gets called very frequently should be atomic, because the rwsem read-locking
used for blocking chains is very likely to incur cache misses on SMP systems.
(However, if the chain's callout routines may sleep then the chain cannot be
atomic.)
The patch set was written by Alan Stern and Chandra Seetharaman, incorporating
material written by Keith Owens and suggestions from Paul McKenney and Andrew
Morton.
[jes@sgi.com: restructure the notifier chain initialization macros]
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
