In PM v1, all devices were called at SUSPEND_DISABLE level. Then
all devices were called at SUSPEND_SAVE_STATE level, and finally
SUSPEND_POWER_DOWN level. However, with PM v2, to maintain
compatibility for platform devices, I arranged for the PM v2
suspend/resume callbacks to call the old PM v1 suspend/resume
callbacks three times with each level in order so that existing
drivers continued to work.
Since this is obsolete infrastructure which is no longer necessary,
we can remove it. Here's an (untested) patch to do exactly that.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The previous patch adding the ability to nest struct class_device
changed the paramaters to the call class_device_create(). This patch
fixes up all in-kernel users of the function.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The patch fixes Oops from sound drivers using generic platform device
but have no suspend/resume callbacks.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
o Added a control for the input source (which can be either
"line" or "mic")
o Mute the speaker/line-out/headphone outputs by default.
o Increased the buffer size from 10 pages to 16.
Signed-off-by: Stuart Brady <sdb@parisc-linux.org>
ALSA Harmony was resetting the capture position when
preparing the capture substream, which it shouldn't do.
This should fix the problem.
Signed-off-by: Stuart Brady <sdb@parisc-linux.org>
ALSA Harmony should no longer play junk (left in the buffers
from a previous stream) at the start of a new stream.
Implement the monitor mixer channel for ALSA Harmony.
Also prevent snd_harmony_volume_get from returning negative values.
Signed-off-by: Stuart Brady <sdb@parisc-linux.org>
Use the graveyard/silence buffers in ALSA Harmony.
Signed-off-by: Stuart Brady <sdb@parisc-linux.org>
Signed-off-by: Kyle McMartin <kyle@parisc-linux.org>
Convert pa_dev->hpa from an unsigned long to a struct resource.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@parisc-linux.org>
Fix up users of ->hpa to use ->hpa.start instead.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@parisc-linux.org>
Signed-off-by: Kyle McMartin <kyle@parisc-linux.org>
- added typedef unsigned int __nocast gfp_t;
- replaced __nocast uses for gfp flags with gfp_t - it gives exactly
the same warnings as far as sparse is concerned, doesn't change
generated code (from gcc point of view we replaced unsigned int with
typedef) and documents what's going on far better.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
USB generic driver
Add a quirk entry for the external MIDI ports of the
Windows Edition of the Hercules DJ Console.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
USB generic driver
Add a mixer quirk entry for the Hercules DJ Console (Windows Edition)
that uses a different USB product ID.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
EMU10K1/EMU10K2 driver
Fixed the handling of ac97_chip=2 capability type.
The error occurs in snd_ac97_mixer(), not in snd_ac97_bus().
Also, release the unnecessary ac97_bus object in the error path.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
EMU10K1/EMU10K2 driver
Fixed the error at loading SBLive Game board (and possible other models).
The PCI SSIDs of this board conflicts with SB Live 5.1 Platinum, which has
no AC97 chip.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
HDA Codec driver
Mark the ALC882 'LFE Playback Switch' as an input, like the other
playback switch settings.
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
HDA Codec driver
Fix a typo (cut & paste) in the alc880_test_mixer structure.
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
HDA Codec driver
The ALC260 'Mono Playback Switch' is marked as an output in
patch_realtek.c. It actually does not work unless it is marked as an
input. Go figure... This was tested and confirmed on an HP xw4300.
Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
USB generic driver
Increase the maximum PCM buffer size to 1 MB. The USB driver doesn't
have any inherent buffer size limit, and big multichannel interfaces
may benefit from this.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
USB generic driver
There is another revision of the PHASE26 with a different product ID;
add a quirk entry for that, too.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
USB generic driver
Add a quirk entry for the Roland RD-700SX.
This should work for the RD-300SX, too.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
AC97 Codec
A single call to the driver suspend/resume method for each device is
enough. The level and SUSPEND_*/RESUME_* arguments are deprecated and
said to be removed eventually anyway (no other subsystem are using them
anymore except platform devices).
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
AC97 Codec
Don't use dev.platform_data to store a reference to the containing
ac97_t structure. Such assignment is redundent since we can deduce the
ac97_t structure location from the contained device structure. This
sets platform_data free for other purposes.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
AC97 Codec
The bus_id is initialized with a generic identifier string which is not
really useful for proper driver matching. Let the driver decide what it
needs via its probe method instead.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
USB generic driver
Add a quirk entry for the Hercules DJ Console to ignore timeouts on
some mixer control transfers.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
HDA Intel driver
Disable the auto-correction of DMA position temporarily.
It doesn't work as expected yet...
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
AC97 Codec
No index is templated for si3036 modem controls.
Signed-off-by: Sasha Khapyorsky <sashak@smlink.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
From: Christopher Zimmermann <madroach@zakweb.de>
This patch enables SBus support for the cs4231 sound driver.
It is tested on an Ultra2. Capture and playback both work.
I experienced lags and crashes using certain threaded
players like ogg123 and mp3blaster, while the former is
lagging far more. This behavior may be specific to SMP
systems. It is reproducable using the dummy sound card
driver. Sox works flawlessly.
Setting up the calculation of ptr in snd_cs4231_playback_pointer
was a bit strange. I got it to work by not incrementing the
[pc]_periods_sent counter when starting DMA the first time
in cs4231_dma_trigger. Therefore this dummy thing.
[ I did some minor cleanups -DaveM ]
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Fix up some pm_message_t types
Signed-Off-By: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
While doing an allyesconfig build, I noticed that the commit
commit 8cdfd2519c
Author: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Date: Wed Sep 7 14:08:11 2005 +0200
[ALSA] Remove superfluous PCI ID definitions
broke the RME32 and RME96 drivers, since the PCI IDs they use seem to have
changed names. Here's a patch to fix this -- compile tested only, since I
have no idea what the hardware even is.
Fix the build of the RME32 and RME96 drivers by having them use the
PCI_DEVICE_ID_RME_xxx names defined in <linux/pci_ids.h> instead of the
PCI_DEVICE_ID_xxx names that they used to define themselves.
Also fix the typo in the id PCI_DEVICE_IDRME__DIGI96_8_PAD_OR_PST so the
name is PCI_DEVICE_ID_RME_DIGI96_8_PAD_OR_PST.
Signed-off-by: Roland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>
Acked-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
SPARC DBRI driver
This patch contains the following fixes to the Alsa DBRI driver:
- Remove 2.6.13 build warning on the prom_getproperty() call.
- Rework command synchronization: send a sequence number with D_WAIT,
and check it in the completion interrupt.
Move synchronization delays from _cmdsend() to _cmdlock() allowing the
CPU to do other usefull things while the DBRI is processing the
commands.
- Fix first argument of printk() calls.
- Enable burst transfers for DBRI. Original 2.4 patch from Krzysztof
Helt
- Make dbri_debug module parameter writable from sysfs. Remove obsolete
write access to the /proc debug file.
- Replace udelay() with msleep_interruptible() where possible.
- Update documentation comments.
Signed-off-by: Martin Habets <errandir_news@mph.eclipse.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Documentation,Intel8x0 driver
Added buggy_semaphore module option to snd-intel8x0 driver
for a workaround for hardwards with buggy codec semaphores.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
HDA Codec driver,HDA Intel driver,HDA generic driver
Assign audio PCMs first before modem PCMs.
The modem stream is assigned up to device #6, to be consistent over
different models.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
PPC PMAC driver
Here is a patch to correct detection of the soundcard on my iBook model
(bought really recently).
Without that fix, there were only andui in the headphone, and the mixer
was totaly non functional.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
ALSA Core,ALSA sequencer
Add an option to make the RTC timer the default sequencer timer. This
becomes necessary for precise MIDI timing when the system timer runs at
less than 1000 Hz.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
ALSA Core
A new function snd_card_set_generic_dev() is introduced to add the
'generic device' support for devices without proper bus on sysfs.
It's a last resort, and should be removed in future when they have
a proper bus, instead.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
HDA Intel driver
Check the validity of the current DMA position when position_fix=0 (auto)
is set. If the DMA position overcomes the threshold, the driver changes
the fix behavior automatically to use POSBUF.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
ARM AACI PL041 driver,PARISC Harmony driver
Added snd_card_set_dev() calls to register the device pointer for the card.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
HDA Codec driver
Add the subsystem PCI devid to the list (on top of 2.6.13).
Signed-off-by: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Opti9xx drivers
When clearing some bits in a register, don't bother with the bits that
won't be changed anyway.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
ALSA Core,RawMidi Midlevel,ALSA<-OSS emulation,ALSA sequencer
RME32 driver,RME96 driver,EMU10K1/EMU10K2 driver,NM256 driver
Add sparse annotations where we do strange this with __iomem/__user
pointers.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
USB generic driver
Add the SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BATCH flag to the PCM hardware information to
indicate that the driver uses double buffering.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
CA0106 driver,EMU10K1/EMU10K2 driver
A thread appeared on the LKML. This patch implements the fix.
Question:
in sysfs, /sys/bus/*/drivers lists the driver names, with their exported .name (eg. '.name = 'EMU10K1_Audigy'' in the module code, from now on 'driver name'). In /sys/modules, the kernel modules are listed with their module name, eg. snd_emu10k1. However, it seems to me that in sysfs, there is no way in particular to tell, which module has which .name. That is, that snd_emu10k1 is EMU10K1_Audigy and vice versa.
I wonder whether it wouldn't be possible to add a symlink to the particular module from the driver, and/or from the module to the driver, so the list of devices handled by the module and the module name would be accessible. This way, I would know which driver name corresponds to which module name and vice versa.
Answer:
For PCI drivers, just add the line:
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
to their struct pci_driver definition and you will get the symlink
created for you.
Signed-off-by: James Courtier-Dutton <James@superbug.co.uk>
AC97 Codec
Fix the internal speaker problem (e.g. Targa Traveller 826)
with ALC658D codec. The info is taken from Cyberlink/realtek-modified code.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
RME HDSP driver
When using the kernel firmware loader, initialize the card shortname
before registering the card with ALSA to prevent it from using a
default card ID.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
PCI drivers,AD1889 driver
move the AD1889 driver to the kernel tree
Acked-by: Thibaut Varene <varenet@parisc-linux.org>
Acked-by: Kyle McMartin <kyle@parisc-linux.org>
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
CA0106 driver
Playback volume controls were appearing in both the playback and capture
displays of alsamixer. Now those playback controls only appear in the
playback display.
Signed-off-by: James Courtier-Dutton <James@superbug.co.uk>
We do no longer need a template for OSS drivers.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Clean up timer initialization by introducing DEFINE_TIMER a'la
DEFINE_SPINLOCK. Build and boot-tested on x86. A similar patch has been
been in the -RT tree for some time.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
29 July 2005, Cambridge, MA:
This afternoon Alan Stern submitted a patch to remove the URB_ASYNC_UNLINK
flag from the Linux kernel. Mr. Stern explained, "This flag is a relic
from an earlier, less-well-designed system. For over a year it hasn't
been used for anything other than printing warning messages."
An anonymous spokesman for the Linux kernel development community
commented, "This is exactly the sort of thing we see happening all the
time. As the kernel evolves, support for old techniques and old code can
be jettisoned and replaced by newer, better approaches. Proprietary
operating systems do not have the freedom or flexibility to change so
quickly."
Mr. Stern, a staff member at Harvard University's Rowland Institute who
works on Linux only as a hobby, noted that the patch (labelled as548) did
not update two files, keyspan.c and option.c, in the USB drivers' "serial"
subdirectory. "Those files need more extensive changes," he remarked.
"They examine the status field of several URBs at times when they're not
supposed to. That will need to be fixed before the URB_ASYNC_UNLINK flag
is removed."
Greg Kroah-Hartman, the kernel maintainer responsible for overseeing all
of Linux's USB drivers, did not respond to our inquiries or return our
calls. His only comment was "Applied, thanks."
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch introduces a memory-leak tracking version of kzalloc for ALSA.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <xslaby@fi.muni.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
asm/segment.h varies greatly on different architectures but is clearly
deprecated. Removing all non-architecture consumers will make it easier
for us to get ride of asm/segment.h all together.
Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <kumar.gala@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Ensure that sound/arm/Makefile is sanely organised so that additions to it
don't break all other patches out there. This means I only have to adjust
the line numbers in my patch queue rather than having to re-generate by
hand those which touch this file.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
In sound/isa/Kconfig, select ISAPNP and depend on ISAPNP are intermixed,
resulting in funny behaviour. (Soundcarts get selectable if other
soundcards are selected).
This patch changes the "depend on ISAPNP"s to select.
Signed-Off-By: Bodo Eggert <7eggert@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Fix remaining bits of u32 vs. pm_message confusion. Should not break
anything.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
USB generic driver
When a USB error occurs that might indicate that the device has been
unplugged, don't resubmit the URB immediately to prevent flooding the
log with error messages before khubd has us disconnect()ed.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Add register_sound_special_device() function to allow assignment of
device pointer to a specific OSS device for HAL.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
USB generic driver
Emagic devices pad their packets not with 0xff bytes but with a 0xff
byte followed by garbage, so we have to stop at the first such byte.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
HDA Intel driver
Fix and clean up for the support of ULI M5461
- set CORB/RIRB sizes explicitly
- add workarounds for ULI on ia32
- max number of streams depends on the chip type now
- increase the size of BDL
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
HDA Codec driver
The insertion of the rate 9600 make a shift in detection of supported
rate, put this rate at the end of the list.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Graziano <nicolas.graziano@wanadoo.fr>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Intel8x0 driver,AC97 Codec
The HP nx6110 laptop needs to have Headphone Jack Sense enabled so
that the internal speakers will be turned off when headphones are
plugged in.
Also ac97_quirk=hp_only is needed to make a single Master volume in
the mixer instead of separate volumes for internal speakers and
headphones, which just confuses the user.
Signed-off-by: Sergey Vlasov <vsu@altlinux.ru>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Digigram VX core,CS4231 driver,ATIIXP driver,VIA82xx driver
VIA82xx-modem driver,au88x0 driver,CS46xx driver,Trident driver
This patch disables SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME flag for drivers which does not
support the full resume.
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>
AC97 Codec
The patch fixes the bus_id conflict error when registering two codecs
of the same type (ALSA bug#1334).
Signed-off-by: Bjorge Dijkstra <bjorge@gmx.net>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
NM256 driver
- Fixed the PCM resume - restoring the rate setting
- Fixed the handling of buggy irqs
- Dynamically acquire/release irq handler to make the driver more robust
to unknown irq storms (as OSS driver does).
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
HDA Intel driver
- removed SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME (the driver cannot do PCM resume at the time)
- fixed chip->pcm_devs initialization
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>
PCM Midlevel
Fixed the handling of boundary in PCM 32bit compat layer.
Positions in hwsync are bound in the 32bit boundary size.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
OPL3SA2 driver
- use different name (opl3sa2-pnpbios) for PnP BIOS driver
- don't print warning when manual config of resources fails (PnP BIOS)
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>
AC97 Codec
Make the patch_wolfson_wm97??_specific() functions static again.
This patch was accidentally reverted in rev. 1.92.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
USB generic driver
With the double buffering, we no longer need contiguous memory for the
PCM buffer, so we can use vmalloc() instead of the preallocation
functions, and increase the maximum size to 256 KB.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
USB generic driver
Use the USB buffer allocation functions to avoid repeated DMA mappings
of our buffers, which are re-used quite a lot.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
USB generic driver
Take the substream lock when reading hwptr_done to avoid a race
condition with the updates in the URB callbacks.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
USB generic driver
Change prepare_playback_urb() not to stop preparing packets before a
frame boundary has been reached.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
USB generic driver
We always had to use double buffering when capturing, and when playback
data for one URB crosses a buffer boundary. The latter would make hwptr
updates less precise because the double-buffered data is read from the
buffer much earlier than the other data is read by the host controller.
Double-buffering all data allows to update hwptr immediately after the
data was copied to the USB buffer(s), which has the additional benefit
of avoiding the latency imposed by the host controller's delay of up to
one frame when interrupting.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
USB generic driver
When preparing capture URBs, we don't need to stop when we cross a
period boundary because we now never handle more than one millisecond of
data per URB anyway.
When handling captured data, use an extra flag to call
snd_pcm_period_elapsed() no more than once. This allows us to move the
period boundary checking code before the copying of the data which
avoids a second locking of the substream's lock.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
OPL3SA2 driver
The driver has been extended to support also PnP BIOS devices.
The detection path is:
1) detect PnP BIOS devices
2) detect ISA PnP devices
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>
VIA82xx driver
Added the DXS entry for MSI K8MM-V.
Also fixed a typo in last patch for Acer Aspire 1524 WLMi.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
USB generic driver
The EHCI driver doesn't interrupt more than once per millisecond, and
organizes all iso transfers with frame-sized ITDs, so we can (try to)
be more efficient by aligning all URBs on frame boundaries.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
USB generic driver
The nrpacks module parameter is used only when initializing a playback
stream, so it doesn't hurt to make it writeable.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
USB generic driver
When determining how many packets are needed for one period, we cannot
assume that all packets have their maximum size -- we always use the
nominal sample rate when sending data, and could use an even lower rate
when the endpoint uses frequency feedback.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
USB generic driver
When capturing audio data, we do not know beforehand how many samples
the device sends per frame, so we have to use URBs that are as short as
possible to make sure that we can handle period boundaries without any
additional latencies.
Furthermore, the total count of URBs submitted doesn't matter when
capturing, so we can just use the maximum number.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Memalloc module,PCM Midlevel,Timer Midlevel,GUS Library,AC97 Codec
ALI5451 driver,RME9652 driver
Make some functions/variables that are used in only one file static.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
