df9ecaba3f
The ZVC counter update threshold is currently set to a fixed value of 32. This patch sets up the threshold depending on the number of processors and the sizes of the zones in the system. With the current threshold of 32, I was able to observe slight contention when more than 130-140 processors concurrently updated the counters. The contention vanished when I either increased the threshold to 64 or used Andrew's idea of overstepping the interval (see ZVC overstep patch). However, we saw contention again at 220-230 processors. So we need higher values for larger systems. But the current default is already a bit of an overkill for smaller systems. Some systems have tiny zones where precision matters. For example i386 and x86_64 have 16M DMA zones and either 900M ZONE_NORMAL or ZONE_DMA32. These are even present on SMP and NUMA systems. The patch here sets up a threshold based on the number of processors in the system and the size of the zone that these counters are used for. The threshold should grow logarithmically, so we use fls() as an easy approximation. Results of tests on a system with 1024 processors (4TB RAM) The following output is from a test allocating 1GB of memory concurrently on each processor (Forking the process. So contention on mmap_sem and the pte locks is not a factor): X MIN TYPE: CPUS WALL WALL SYS USER TOTCPU fork 1 0.552 0.552 0.540 0.012 0.552 fork 4 0.552 0.548 2.164 0.036 2.200 fork 16 0.564 0.548 8.812 0.164 8.976 fork 128 0.580 0.572 72.204 1.208 73.412 fork 256 1.300 0.660 310.400 2.160 312.560 fork 512 3.512 0.696 1526.836 4.816 1531.652 fork 1020 20.024 0.700 17243.176 6.688 17249.863 So a threshold of 32 is fine up to 128 processors. At 256 processors contention becomes a factor. Overstepping the counter (earlier patch) improves the numbers a bit: fork 4 0.552 0.548 2.164 0.040 2.204 fork 16 0.552 0.548 8.640 0.148 8.788 fork 128 0.556 0.548 69.676 0.956 70.632 fork 256 0.876 0.636 212.468 2.108 214.576 fork 512 2.276 0.672 997.324 4.260 1001.584 fork 1020 13.564 0.680 11586.436 6.088 11592.523 Still contention at 512 and 1020. Contention at 1020 is down by a third. 256 still has a slight bit of contention. After this patch the counter threshold will be set to 125 which reduces contention significantly: fork 128 0.560 0.548 69.776 0.932 70.708 fork 256 0.636 0.556 143.460 2.036 145.496 fork 512 0.640 0.548 284.244 4.236 288.480 fork 1020 1.500 0.588 1326.152 8.892 1335.044 [akpm@osdl.org: !SMP build fix] Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
704 lines
15 KiB
C
704 lines
15 KiB
C
/*
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* linux/mm/vmstat.c
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*
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* Manages VM statistics
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* Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds
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*
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* zoned VM statistics
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* Copyright (C) 2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc.,
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* Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
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*/
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#include <linux/config.h>
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#include <linux/mm.h>
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#include <linux/module.h>
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#include <linux/cpu.h>
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void __get_zone_counts(unsigned long *active, unsigned long *inactive,
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unsigned long *free, struct pglist_data *pgdat)
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{
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struct zone *zones = pgdat->node_zones;
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int i;
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*active = 0;
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*inactive = 0;
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*free = 0;
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for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
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*active += zones[i].nr_active;
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*inactive += zones[i].nr_inactive;
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*free += zones[i].free_pages;
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}
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}
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void get_zone_counts(unsigned long *active,
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unsigned long *inactive, unsigned long *free)
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{
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struct pglist_data *pgdat;
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*active = 0;
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*inactive = 0;
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*free = 0;
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for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat) {
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unsigned long l, m, n;
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__get_zone_counts(&l, &m, &n, pgdat);
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*active += l;
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*inactive += m;
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*free += n;
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}
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}
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#ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
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DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct vm_event_state, vm_event_states) = {{0}};
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EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(vm_event_states);
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static void sum_vm_events(unsigned long *ret, cpumask_t *cpumask)
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{
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int cpu = 0;
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int i;
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memset(ret, 0, NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS * sizeof(unsigned long));
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cpu = first_cpu(*cpumask);
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while (cpu < NR_CPUS) {
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struct vm_event_state *this = &per_cpu(vm_event_states, cpu);
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cpu = next_cpu(cpu, *cpumask);
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if (cpu < NR_CPUS)
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prefetch(&per_cpu(vm_event_states, cpu));
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for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS; i++)
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ret[i] += this->event[i];
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}
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}
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/*
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* Accumulate the vm event counters across all CPUs.
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* The result is unavoidably approximate - it can change
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* during and after execution of this function.
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*/
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void all_vm_events(unsigned long *ret)
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{
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sum_vm_events(ret, &cpu_online_map);
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}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(all_vm_events);
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#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG
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/*
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* Fold the foreign cpu events into our own.
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*
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* This is adding to the events on one processor
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* but keeps the global counts constant.
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*/
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void vm_events_fold_cpu(int cpu)
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{
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struct vm_event_state *fold_state = &per_cpu(vm_event_states, cpu);
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int i;
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for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS; i++) {
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count_vm_events(i, fold_state->event[i]);
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fold_state->event[i] = 0;
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}
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}
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#endif /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG */
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#endif /* CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS */
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/*
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* Manage combined zone based / global counters
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*
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* vm_stat contains the global counters
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*/
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atomic_long_t vm_stat[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS];
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_stat);
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#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
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static int calculate_threshold(struct zone *zone)
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{
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int threshold;
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int mem; /* memory in 128 MB units */
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/*
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* The threshold scales with the number of processors and the amount
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* of memory per zone. More memory means that we can defer updates for
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* longer, more processors could lead to more contention.
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* fls() is used to have a cheap way of logarithmic scaling.
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*
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* Some sample thresholds:
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*
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* Threshold Processors (fls) Zonesize fls(mem+1)
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* ------------------------------------------------------------------
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* 8 1 1 0.9-1 GB 4
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* 16 2 2 0.9-1 GB 4
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* 20 2 2 1-2 GB 5
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* 24 2 2 2-4 GB 6
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* 28 2 2 4-8 GB 7
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* 32 2 2 8-16 GB 8
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* 4 2 2 <128M 1
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* 30 4 3 2-4 GB 5
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* 48 4 3 8-16 GB 8
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* 32 8 4 1-2 GB 4
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* 32 8 4 0.9-1GB 4
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* 10 16 5 <128M 1
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* 40 16 5 900M 4
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* 70 64 7 2-4 GB 5
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* 84 64 7 4-8 GB 6
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* 108 512 9 4-8 GB 6
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* 125 1024 10 8-16 GB 8
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* 125 1024 10 16-32 GB 9
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*/
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mem = zone->present_pages >> (27 - PAGE_SHIFT);
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threshold = 2 * fls(num_online_cpus()) * (1 + fls(mem));
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/*
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* Maximum threshold is 125
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*/
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threshold = min(125, threshold);
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return threshold;
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}
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/*
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* Refresh the thresholds for each zone.
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*/
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static void refresh_zone_stat_thresholds(void)
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{
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struct zone *zone;
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int cpu;
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int threshold;
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for_each_zone(zone) {
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if (!zone->present_pages)
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continue;
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threshold = calculate_threshold(zone);
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for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
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zone_pcp(zone, cpu)->stat_threshold = threshold;
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}
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}
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/*
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* For use when we know that interrupts are disabled.
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*/
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void __mod_zone_page_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item,
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int delta)
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{
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struct per_cpu_pageset *pcp = zone_pcp(zone, smp_processor_id());
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s8 *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item;
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long x;
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x = delta + *p;
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if (unlikely(x > pcp->stat_threshold || x < -pcp->stat_threshold)) {
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zone_page_state_add(x, zone, item);
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x = 0;
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}
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*p = x;
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}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mod_zone_page_state);
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/*
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* For an unknown interrupt state
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*/
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void mod_zone_page_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item,
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int delta)
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{
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unsigned long flags;
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local_irq_save(flags);
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__mod_zone_page_state(zone, item, delta);
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local_irq_restore(flags);
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}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(mod_zone_page_state);
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/*
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* Optimized increment and decrement functions.
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*
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* These are only for a single page and therefore can take a struct page *
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* argument instead of struct zone *. This allows the inclusion of the code
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* generated for page_zone(page) into the optimized functions.
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*
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* No overflow check is necessary and therefore the differential can be
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* incremented or decremented in place which may allow the compilers to
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* generate better code.
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* The increment or decrement is known and therefore one boundary check can
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* be omitted.
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*
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* NOTE: These functions are very performance sensitive. Change only
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* with care.
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*
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* Some processors have inc/dec instructions that are atomic vs an interrupt.
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* However, the code must first determine the differential location in a zone
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* based on the processor number and then inc/dec the counter. There is no
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* guarantee without disabling preemption that the processor will not change
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* in between and therefore the atomicity vs. interrupt cannot be exploited
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* in a useful way here.
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*/
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static void __inc_zone_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item)
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{
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struct per_cpu_pageset *pcp = zone_pcp(zone, smp_processor_id());
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s8 *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item;
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(*p)++;
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if (unlikely(*p > pcp->stat_threshold)) {
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int overstep = pcp->stat_threshold / 2;
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zone_page_state_add(*p + overstep, zone, item);
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*p = -overstep;
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}
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}
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void __inc_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
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{
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__inc_zone_state(page_zone(page), item);
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}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(__inc_zone_page_state);
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void __dec_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
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{
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struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);
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struct per_cpu_pageset *pcp = zone_pcp(zone, smp_processor_id());
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s8 *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item;
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(*p)--;
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if (unlikely(*p < - pcp->stat_threshold)) {
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int overstep = pcp->stat_threshold / 2;
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zone_page_state_add(*p - overstep, zone, item);
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*p = overstep;
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}
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}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(__dec_zone_page_state);
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void inc_zone_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item)
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{
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unsigned long flags;
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local_irq_save(flags);
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__inc_zone_state(zone, item);
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local_irq_restore(flags);
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}
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void inc_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
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{
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unsigned long flags;
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struct zone *zone;
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zone = page_zone(page);
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local_irq_save(flags);
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__inc_zone_state(zone, item);
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local_irq_restore(flags);
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}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(inc_zone_page_state);
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void dec_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
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{
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unsigned long flags;
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local_irq_save(flags);
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__dec_zone_page_state(page, item);
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local_irq_restore(flags);
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}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(dec_zone_page_state);
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/*
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* Update the zone counters for one cpu.
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*/
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void refresh_cpu_vm_stats(int cpu)
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{
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struct zone *zone;
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int i;
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unsigned long flags;
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for_each_zone(zone) {
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struct per_cpu_pageset *pcp;
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pcp = zone_pcp(zone, cpu);
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for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
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if (pcp->vm_stat_diff[i]) {
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local_irq_save(flags);
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zone_page_state_add(pcp->vm_stat_diff[i],
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zone, i);
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pcp->vm_stat_diff[i] = 0;
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local_irq_restore(flags);
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}
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}
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}
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static void __refresh_cpu_vm_stats(void *dummy)
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{
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refresh_cpu_vm_stats(smp_processor_id());
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}
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/*
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* Consolidate all counters.
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*
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* Note that the result is less inaccurate but still inaccurate
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* if concurrent processes are allowed to run.
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*/
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void refresh_vm_stats(void)
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{
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on_each_cpu(__refresh_cpu_vm_stats, NULL, 0, 1);
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}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(refresh_vm_stats);
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#endif
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#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
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/*
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* zonelist = the list of zones passed to the allocator
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* z = the zone from which the allocation occurred.
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*
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* Must be called with interrupts disabled.
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*/
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void zone_statistics(struct zonelist *zonelist, struct zone *z)
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{
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if (z->zone_pgdat == zonelist->zones[0]->zone_pgdat) {
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__inc_zone_state(z, NUMA_HIT);
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} else {
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__inc_zone_state(z, NUMA_MISS);
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__inc_zone_state(zonelist->zones[0], NUMA_FOREIGN);
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}
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if (z->zone_pgdat == NODE_DATA(numa_node_id()))
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__inc_zone_state(z, NUMA_LOCAL);
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else
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__inc_zone_state(z, NUMA_OTHER);
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}
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#endif
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#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
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#include <linux/seq_file.h>
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static void *frag_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
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{
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pg_data_t *pgdat;
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loff_t node = *pos;
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for (pgdat = first_online_pgdat();
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pgdat && node;
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pgdat = next_online_pgdat(pgdat))
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--node;
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return pgdat;
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}
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static void *frag_next(struct seq_file *m, void *arg, loff_t *pos)
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{
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pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;
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(*pos)++;
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return next_online_pgdat(pgdat);
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}
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static void frag_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
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{
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}
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/*
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* This walks the free areas for each zone.
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*/
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static int frag_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
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{
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pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;
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struct zone *zone;
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struct zone *node_zones = pgdat->node_zones;
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unsigned long flags;
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int order;
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for (zone = node_zones; zone - node_zones < MAX_NR_ZONES; ++zone) {
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if (!populated_zone(zone))
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continue;
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spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
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seq_printf(m, "Node %d, zone %8s ", pgdat->node_id, zone->name);
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for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; ++order)
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seq_printf(m, "%6lu ", zone->free_area[order].nr_free);
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spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
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seq_putc(m, '\n');
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}
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return 0;
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}
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struct seq_operations fragmentation_op = {
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.start = frag_start,
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.next = frag_next,
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.stop = frag_stop,
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.show = frag_show,
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};
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static char *vmstat_text[] = {
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/* Zoned VM counters */
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"nr_anon_pages",
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"nr_mapped",
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"nr_file_pages",
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"nr_slab",
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"nr_page_table_pages",
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"nr_dirty",
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"nr_writeback",
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"nr_unstable",
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"nr_bounce",
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#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
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"numa_hit",
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"numa_miss",
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"numa_foreign",
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"numa_interleave",
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"numa_local",
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"numa_other",
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#endif
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#ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
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"pgpgin",
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"pgpgout",
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"pswpin",
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"pswpout",
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"pgalloc_dma",
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"pgalloc_dma32",
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"pgalloc_normal",
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"pgalloc_high",
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"pgfree",
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"pgactivate",
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"pgdeactivate",
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"pgfault",
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"pgmajfault",
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"pgrefill_dma",
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"pgrefill_dma32",
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"pgrefill_normal",
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"pgrefill_high",
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"pgsteal_dma",
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"pgsteal_dma32",
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"pgsteal_normal",
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"pgsteal_high",
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"pgscan_kswapd_dma",
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"pgscan_kswapd_dma32",
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"pgscan_kswapd_normal",
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"pgscan_kswapd_high",
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"pgscan_direct_dma",
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"pgscan_direct_dma32",
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"pgscan_direct_normal",
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"pgscan_direct_high",
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"pginodesteal",
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"slabs_scanned",
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"kswapd_steal",
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"kswapd_inodesteal",
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"pageoutrun",
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"allocstall",
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"pgrotated",
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#endif
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};
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/*
|
|
* Output information about zones in @pgdat.
|
|
*/
|
|
static int zoneinfo_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
|
|
{
|
|
pg_data_t *pgdat = arg;
|
|
struct zone *zone;
|
|
struct zone *node_zones = pgdat->node_zones;
|
|
unsigned long flags;
|
|
|
|
for (zone = node_zones; zone - node_zones < MAX_NR_ZONES; zone++) {
|
|
int i;
|
|
|
|
if (!populated_zone(zone))
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
|
|
seq_printf(m, "Node %d, zone %8s", pgdat->node_id, zone->name);
|
|
seq_printf(m,
|
|
"\n pages free %lu"
|
|
"\n min %lu"
|
|
"\n low %lu"
|
|
"\n high %lu"
|
|
"\n active %lu"
|
|
"\n inactive %lu"
|
|
"\n scanned %lu (a: %lu i: %lu)"
|
|
"\n spanned %lu"
|
|
"\n present %lu",
|
|
zone->free_pages,
|
|
zone->pages_min,
|
|
zone->pages_low,
|
|
zone->pages_high,
|
|
zone->nr_active,
|
|
zone->nr_inactive,
|
|
zone->pages_scanned,
|
|
zone->nr_scan_active, zone->nr_scan_inactive,
|
|
zone->spanned_pages,
|
|
zone->present_pages);
|
|
|
|
for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
|
|
seq_printf(m, "\n %-12s %lu", vmstat_text[i],
|
|
zone_page_state(zone, i));
|
|
|
|
seq_printf(m,
|
|
"\n protection: (%lu",
|
|
zone->lowmem_reserve[0]);
|
|
for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(zone->lowmem_reserve); i++)
|
|
seq_printf(m, ", %lu", zone->lowmem_reserve[i]);
|
|
seq_printf(m,
|
|
")"
|
|
"\n pagesets");
|
|
for_each_online_cpu(i) {
|
|
struct per_cpu_pageset *pageset;
|
|
int j;
|
|
|
|
pageset = zone_pcp(zone, i);
|
|
for (j = 0; j < ARRAY_SIZE(pageset->pcp); j++) {
|
|
if (pageset->pcp[j].count)
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
if (j == ARRAY_SIZE(pageset->pcp))
|
|
continue;
|
|
for (j = 0; j < ARRAY_SIZE(pageset->pcp); j++) {
|
|
seq_printf(m,
|
|
"\n cpu: %i pcp: %i"
|
|
"\n count: %i"
|
|
"\n high: %i"
|
|
"\n batch: %i",
|
|
i, j,
|
|
pageset->pcp[j].count,
|
|
pageset->pcp[j].high,
|
|
pageset->pcp[j].batch);
|
|
}
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
|
|
seq_printf(m, "\n vm stats threshold: %d",
|
|
pageset->stat_threshold);
|
|
#endif
|
|
}
|
|
seq_printf(m,
|
|
"\n all_unreclaimable: %u"
|
|
"\n prev_priority: %i"
|
|
"\n temp_priority: %i"
|
|
"\n start_pfn: %lu",
|
|
zone->all_unreclaimable,
|
|
zone->prev_priority,
|
|
zone->temp_priority,
|
|
zone->zone_start_pfn);
|
|
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
|
|
seq_putc(m, '\n');
|
|
}
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
struct seq_operations zoneinfo_op = {
|
|
.start = frag_start, /* iterate over all zones. The same as in
|
|
* fragmentation. */
|
|
.next = frag_next,
|
|
.stop = frag_stop,
|
|
.show = zoneinfo_show,
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
static void *vmstat_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
|
|
{
|
|
unsigned long *v;
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
|
|
unsigned long *e;
|
|
#endif
|
|
int i;
|
|
|
|
if (*pos >= ARRAY_SIZE(vmstat_text))
|
|
return NULL;
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
|
|
v = kmalloc(NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS * sizeof(unsigned long)
|
|
+ sizeof(struct vm_event_state), GFP_KERNEL);
|
|
#else
|
|
v = kmalloc(NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS * sizeof(unsigned long),
|
|
GFP_KERNEL);
|
|
#endif
|
|
m->private = v;
|
|
if (!v)
|
|
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
|
|
for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
|
|
v[i] = global_page_state(i);
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
|
|
e = v + NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS;
|
|
all_vm_events(e);
|
|
e[PGPGIN] /= 2; /* sectors -> kbytes */
|
|
e[PGPGOUT] /= 2;
|
|
#endif
|
|
return v + *pos;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static void *vmstat_next(struct seq_file *m, void *arg, loff_t *pos)
|
|
{
|
|
(*pos)++;
|
|
if (*pos >= ARRAY_SIZE(vmstat_text))
|
|
return NULL;
|
|
return (unsigned long *)m->private + *pos;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static int vmstat_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
|
|
{
|
|
unsigned long *l = arg;
|
|
unsigned long off = l - (unsigned long *)m->private;
|
|
|
|
seq_printf(m, "%s %lu\n", vmstat_text[off], *l);
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static void vmstat_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
|
|
{
|
|
kfree(m->private);
|
|
m->private = NULL;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
struct seq_operations vmstat_op = {
|
|
.start = vmstat_start,
|
|
.next = vmstat_next,
|
|
.stop = vmstat_stop,
|
|
.show = vmstat_show,
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
|
|
/*
|
|
* Use the cpu notifier to insure that the thresholds are recalculated
|
|
* when necessary.
|
|
*/
|
|
static int __cpuinit vmstat_cpuup_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb,
|
|
unsigned long action,
|
|
void *hcpu)
|
|
{
|
|
switch (action) {
|
|
case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
|
|
case CPU_UP_CANCELED:
|
|
case CPU_DEAD:
|
|
refresh_zone_stat_thresholds();
|
|
break;
|
|
default:
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
return NOTIFY_OK;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static struct notifier_block __cpuinitdata vmstat_notifier =
|
|
{ &vmstat_cpuup_callback, NULL, 0 };
|
|
|
|
int __init setup_vmstat(void)
|
|
{
|
|
refresh_zone_stat_thresholds();
|
|
register_cpu_notifier(&vmstat_notifier);
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
module_init(setup_vmstat)
|
|
#endif
|