virtualx-engine/modules/mono/mono_gd/gd_mono_marshal.cpp

/*************************************************************************/
/*  gd_mono_marshal.cpp                                                  */
/*************************************************************************/
/*                       This file is part of:                           */
/*                           GODOT ENGINE                                */
/*                      https://godotengine.org                          */
/*************************************************************************/
/* Copyright (c) 2007-2022 Juan Linietsky, Ariel Manzur.                 */
/* Copyright (c) 2014-2022 Godot Engine contributors (cf. AUTHORS.md).   */
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/* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining */
/* a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the       */
/* "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including   */
/* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,   */
/* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to    */
/* permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to */
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/*                                                                       */
/* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be        */
/* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.       */
/*                                                                       */
/* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,       */
/* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF    */
/* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.*/
/* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY  */
/* CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,  */
/* TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE     */
/* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.                */
/*************************************************************************/

#include "gd_mono_marshal.h"

#include "gd_mono.h"
#include "gd_mono_cache.h"
#include "gd_mono_class.h"

namespace GDMonoMarshal {

Variant::Type managed_to_variant_type(const ManagedType &p_type) {
	switch (p_type.type_encoding) {
		case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
			return Variant::BOOL;

		case MONO_TYPE_I1:
			return Variant::INT;
		case MONO_TYPE_I2:
			return Variant::INT;
		case MONO_TYPE_I4:
			return Variant::INT;
		case MONO_TYPE_I8:
			return Variant::INT;

		case MONO_TYPE_U1:
			return Variant::INT;
		case MONO_TYPE_U2:
			return Variant::INT;
		case MONO_TYPE_U4:
			return Variant::INT;
		case MONO_TYPE_U8:
			return Variant::INT;

		case MONO_TYPE_R4:
			return Variant::REAL;
		case MONO_TYPE_R8:
			return Variant::REAL;

		case MONO_TYPE_STRING: {
			return Variant::STRING;
		} break;

		case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE: {
			GDMonoClass *vtclass = p_type.type_class;

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(Vector2))
				return Variant::VECTOR2;

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(Rect2))
				return Variant::RECT2;

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(Transform2D))
				return Variant::TRANSFORM2D;

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(Vector3))
				return Variant::VECTOR3;

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(Basis))
				return Variant::BASIS;

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(Quat))
				return Variant::QUAT;

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(Transform))
				return Variant::TRANSFORM;

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(AABB))
				return Variant::AABB;

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(Color))
				return Variant::COLOR;

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(Plane))
				return Variant::PLANE;

			if (mono_class_is_enum(vtclass->get_mono_ptr()))
				return Variant::INT;
		} break;

		case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY:
		case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY: {
			MonoClass *elem_class = mono_class_get_element_class(p_type.type_class->get_mono_ptr());

			if (elem_class == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(MonoObject))
				return Variant::ARRAY;

			if (elem_class == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(uint8_t))
				return Variant::POOL_BYTE_ARRAY;

			if (elem_class == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(int32_t))
				return Variant::POOL_INT_ARRAY;

			if (elem_class == REAL_T_MONOCLASS)
				return Variant::POOL_REAL_ARRAY;

			if (elem_class == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(String))
				return Variant::POOL_STRING_ARRAY;

			if (elem_class == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Vector2))
				return Variant::POOL_VECTOR2_ARRAY;

			if (elem_class == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Vector3))
				return Variant::POOL_VECTOR3_ARRAY;

			if (elem_class == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Color))
				return Variant::POOL_COLOR_ARRAY;

			if (elem_class == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(NodePath))
				return Variant::ARRAY;

			if (elem_class == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(RID))
				return Variant::ARRAY;

			if (mono_class_is_enum(elem_class))
				return Variant::ARRAY;

			GDMonoClass *array_type_class = GDMono::get_singleton()->get_class(elem_class);
			if (CACHED_CLASS(GodotObject)->is_assignable_from(array_type_class))
				return Variant::ARRAY;
		} break;

		case MONO_TYPE_CLASS: {
			GDMonoClass *type_class = p_type.type_class;

			// GodotObject
			if (CACHED_CLASS(GodotObject)->is_assignable_from(type_class)) {
				return Variant::OBJECT;
			}

			if (CACHED_CLASS(NodePath) == type_class) {
				return Variant::NODE_PATH;
			}

			if (CACHED_CLASS(RID) == type_class) {
				return Variant::_RID;
			}

			if (CACHED_CLASS(Dictionary) == type_class) {
				return Variant::DICTIONARY;
			}

			if (CACHED_CLASS(Array) == type_class) {
				return Variant::ARRAY;
			}

			// IDictionary
			if (p_type.type_class == CACHED_CLASS(System_Collections_IDictionary)) {
				return Variant::DICTIONARY;
			}

			// ICollection or IEnumerable
			if (p_type.type_class == CACHED_CLASS(System_Collections_ICollection) ||
					p_type.type_class == CACHED_CLASS(System_Collections_IEnumerable)) {
				return Variant::ARRAY;
			}
		} break;

		case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST: {
			MonoReflectionType *reftype = mono_type_get_object(mono_domain_get(), p_type.type_class->get_mono_type());

			// Godot.Collections.Dictionary<TKey, TValue>
			if (GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_generic_dictionary(reftype)) {
				return Variant::DICTIONARY;
			}

			// Godot.Collections.Array<T>
			if (GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_generic_array(reftype)) {
				return Variant::ARRAY;
			}

			// System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<TKey, TValue>
			if (GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_system_generic_dictionary(reftype)) {
				return Variant::DICTIONARY;
			}

			// System.Collections.Generic.List<T>
			if (GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_system_generic_list(reftype)) {
				return Variant::ARRAY;
			}

			// IDictionary<TKey, TValue>
			if (GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_generic_idictionary(reftype)) {
				return Variant::DICTIONARY;
			}

			// ICollection<T> or IEnumerable<T>
			if (GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_generic_icollection(reftype) || GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_generic_ienumerable(reftype)) {
				return Variant::ARRAY;
			}

			// GodotObject
			GDMonoClass *type_class = p_type.type_class;
			if (CACHED_CLASS(GodotObject)->is_assignable_from(type_class)) {
				return Variant::OBJECT;
			}
		} break;

		default: {
		} break;
	}

	// Unknown
	return Variant::NIL;
}

bool try_get_array_element_type(const ManagedType &p_array_type, ManagedType &r_elem_type) {
	switch (p_array_type.type_encoding) {
		case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY:
		case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY: {
			MonoClass *elem_class = mono_class_get_element_class(p_array_type.type_class->get_mono_ptr());
			r_elem_type = ManagedType::from_class(elem_class);
			return true;
		} break;
		case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST: {
			MonoReflectionType *array_reftype = mono_type_get_object(mono_domain_get(), p_array_type.type_class->get_mono_type());

			if (GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_generic_array(array_reftype) ||
					GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_system_generic_list(array_reftype) ||
					GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_generic_icollection(array_reftype) ||
					GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_generic_ienumerable(array_reftype)) {
				MonoReflectionType *elem_reftype;

				GDMonoUtils::Marshal::array_get_element_type(array_reftype, &elem_reftype);

				r_elem_type = ManagedType::from_reftype(elem_reftype);
				return true;
			}
		} break;
		default: {
		} break;
	}

	return false;
}

bool try_get_dictionary_key_value_types(const ManagedType &p_dictionary_type, ManagedType &r_key_type, ManagedType &r_value_type) {
	switch (p_dictionary_type.type_encoding) {
		case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST: {
			MonoReflectionType *dict_reftype = mono_type_get_object(mono_domain_get(), p_dictionary_type.type_class->get_mono_type());

			if (GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_generic_dictionary(dict_reftype) ||
					GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_system_generic_dictionary(dict_reftype) ||
					GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_generic_idictionary(dict_reftype)) {
				MonoReflectionType *key_reftype;
				MonoReflectionType *value_reftype;

				GDMonoUtils::Marshal::dictionary_get_key_value_types(dict_reftype, &key_reftype, &value_reftype);

				r_key_type = ManagedType::from_reftype(key_reftype);
				r_value_type = ManagedType::from_reftype(value_reftype);
				return true;
			}
		} break;
		default: {
		} break;
	}

	return false;
}

String mono_to_utf8_string(MonoString *p_mono_string) {
	MonoError error;
	char *utf8 = mono_string_to_utf8_checked(p_mono_string, &error);

	if (!mono_error_ok(&error)) {
		ERR_PRINT(String() + "Failed to convert MonoString* to UTF-8: '" + mono_error_get_message(&error) + "'.");
		mono_error_cleanup(&error);
		return String();
	}

	String ret = String::utf8(utf8);

	mono_free(utf8);

	return ret;
}

String mono_to_utf16_string(MonoString *p_mono_string) {
	int len = mono_string_length(p_mono_string);
	String ret;

	if (len == 0)
		return ret;

	ret.resize(len + 1);
	ret.set(len, 0);

	CharType *src = (CharType *)mono_string_chars(p_mono_string);
	CharType *dst = ret.ptrw();

	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		dst[i] = src[i];
	}

	return ret;
}

MonoString *variant_to_mono_string(const Variant &p_var) {
	if (p_var.get_type() == Variant::NIL) {
		return NULL; // Otherwise, Variant -> String would return the string "Null"
	}
	return mono_string_from_godot(p_var.operator String());
}

MonoArray *variant_to_mono_array(const Variant &p_var, GDMonoClass *p_type_class) {
	MonoArrayType *array_type = mono_type_get_array_type(p_type_class->get_mono_type());

	if (array_type->eklass == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(MonoObject)) {
		return Array_to_mono_array(p_var.operator Array());
	}

	if (array_type->eklass == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(uint8_t)) {
		return PoolByteArray_to_mono_array(p_var.operator PoolByteArray());
	}

	if (array_type->eklass == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(int32_t)) {
		return PoolIntArray_to_mono_array(p_var.operator PoolIntArray());
	}

	if (array_type->eklass == REAL_T_MONOCLASS) {
		return PoolRealArray_to_mono_array(p_var.operator PoolRealArray());
	}

	if (array_type->eklass == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(String)) {
		return PoolStringArray_to_mono_array(p_var.operator PoolStringArray());
	}

	if (array_type->eklass == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Vector2)) {
		return PoolVector2Array_to_mono_array(p_var.operator PoolVector2Array());
	}

	if (array_type->eklass == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Vector3)) {
		return PoolVector3Array_to_mono_array(p_var.operator PoolVector3Array());
	}

	if (array_type->eklass == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Color)) {
		return PoolColorArray_to_mono_array(p_var.operator PoolColorArray());
	}

	if (array_type->eklass == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(NodePath)) {
		return Array_to_mono_array(p_var.operator Array());
	}

	if (array_type->eklass == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(RID)) {
		return Array_to_mono_array(p_var.operator Array());
	}

	if (mono_class_is_assignable_from(CACHED_CLASS(GodotObject)->get_mono_ptr(), array_type->eklass)) {
		return Array_to_mono_array(p_var.operator ::Array(), array_type->eklass);
	}

	ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(nullptr, "Attempted to convert Variant to array of unsupported element type:" + GDMonoClass::get_full_name(array_type->eklass) + "'.");
}

MonoObject *variant_to_mono_object_of_class(const Variant &p_var, GDMonoClass *p_type_class) {
	// GodotObject
	if (CACHED_CLASS(GodotObject)->is_assignable_from(p_type_class)) {
		return GDMonoUtils::unmanaged_get_managed(p_var.operator Object *());
	}

	if (CACHED_CLASS(NodePath) == p_type_class) {
		return GDMonoUtils::create_managed_from(p_var.operator NodePath());
	}

	if (CACHED_CLASS(RID) == p_type_class) {
		return GDMonoUtils::create_managed_from(p_var.operator ::RID());
	}

	// Godot.Collections.Dictionary or IDictionary
	if (CACHED_CLASS(Dictionary) == p_type_class || CACHED_CLASS(System_Collections_IDictionary) == p_type_class) {
		return GDMonoUtils::create_managed_from(p_var.operator Dictionary(), CACHED_CLASS(Dictionary));
	}

	// Godot.Collections.Array or ICollection or IEnumerable
	if (CACHED_CLASS(Array) == p_type_class ||
			CACHED_CLASS(System_Collections_ICollection) == p_type_class ||
			CACHED_CLASS(System_Collections_IEnumerable) == p_type_class) {
		return GDMonoUtils::create_managed_from(p_var.operator Array(), CACHED_CLASS(Array));
	}

	ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(nullptr, "Attempted to convert Variant to unsupported type: '" + p_type_class->get_full_name() + "'.");
}

MonoObject *variant_to_mono_object_of_genericinst(const Variant &p_var, GDMonoClass *p_type_class) {
	MonoReflectionType *reftype = mono_type_get_object(mono_domain_get(), p_type_class->get_mono_type());

	// Godot.Collections.Dictionary<TKey, TValue>
	if (GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_generic_dictionary(reftype)) {
		return GDMonoUtils::create_managed_from(p_var.operator Dictionary(), p_type_class);
	}

	// Godot.Collections.Array<T>
	if (GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_generic_array(reftype)) {
		return GDMonoUtils::create_managed_from(p_var.operator Array(), p_type_class);
	}

	// System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<TKey, TValue>
	if (GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_system_generic_dictionary(reftype)) {
		MonoReflectionType *key_reftype = nullptr;
		MonoReflectionType *value_reftype = nullptr;
		GDMonoUtils::Marshal::dictionary_get_key_value_types(reftype, &key_reftype, &value_reftype);
		return Dictionary_to_system_generic_dict(p_var.operator Dictionary(), p_type_class, key_reftype, value_reftype);
	}

	// System.Collections.Generic.List<T>
	if (GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_system_generic_list(reftype)) {
		MonoReflectionType *elem_reftype = nullptr;
		GDMonoUtils::Marshal::array_get_element_type(reftype, &elem_reftype);
		return Array_to_system_generic_list(p_var.operator Array(), p_type_class, elem_reftype);
	}

	// IDictionary<TKey, TValue>
	if (GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_generic_idictionary(reftype)) {
		MonoReflectionType *key_reftype;
		MonoReflectionType *value_reftype;
		GDMonoUtils::Marshal::dictionary_get_key_value_types(reftype, &key_reftype, &value_reftype);
		GDMonoClass *godot_dict_class = GDMonoUtils::Marshal::make_generic_dictionary_type(key_reftype, value_reftype);

		return GDMonoUtils::create_managed_from(p_var.operator Dictionary(), godot_dict_class);
	}

	// ICollection<T> or IEnumerable<T>
	if (GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_generic_icollection(reftype) || GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_generic_ienumerable(reftype)) {
		MonoReflectionType *elem_reftype;
		GDMonoUtils::Marshal::array_get_element_type(reftype, &elem_reftype);
		GDMonoClass *godot_array_class = GDMonoUtils::Marshal::make_generic_array_type(elem_reftype);

		return GDMonoUtils::create_managed_from(p_var.operator Array(), godot_array_class);
	}

	// GodotObject
	if (CACHED_CLASS(GodotObject)->is_assignable_from(p_type_class)) {
		return GDMonoUtils::unmanaged_get_managed(p_var.operator Object *());
	}

	ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(nullptr, "Attempted to convert Variant to unsupported generic type: '" + p_type_class->get_full_name() + "'.");
}

MonoObject *variant_to_mono_object(const Variant &p_var) {
	// Variant
	switch (p_var.get_type()) {
		case Variant::BOOL: {
			MonoBoolean val = p_var.operator bool();
			return BOX_BOOLEAN(val);
		}
		case Variant::INT: {
			int32_t val = p_var.operator signed int();
			return BOX_INT32(val);
		}
		case Variant::REAL: {
#ifdef REAL_T_IS_DOUBLE
			double val = p_var.operator double();
			return BOX_DOUBLE(val);
#else
			float val = p_var.operator float();
			return BOX_FLOAT(val);
#endif
		}
		case Variant::STRING:
			return (MonoObject *)mono_string_from_godot(p_var.operator String());
		case Variant::VECTOR2: {
			GDMonoMarshal::M_Vector2 from = MARSHALLED_OUT(Vector2, p_var.operator ::Vector2());
			return mono_value_box(mono_domain_get(), CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Vector2), &from);
		}
		case Variant::RECT2: {
			GDMonoMarshal::M_Rect2 from = MARSHALLED_OUT(Rect2, p_var.operator ::Rect2());
			return mono_value_box(mono_domain_get(), CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Rect2), &from);
		}
		case Variant::VECTOR3: {
			GDMonoMarshal::M_Vector3 from = MARSHALLED_OUT(Vector3, p_var.operator ::Vector3());
			return mono_value_box(mono_domain_get(), CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Vector3), &from);
		}
		case Variant::TRANSFORM2D: {
			GDMonoMarshal::M_Transform2D from = MARSHALLED_OUT(Transform2D, p_var.operator ::Transform2D());
			return mono_value_box(mono_domain_get(), CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Transform2D), &from);
		}
		case Variant::PLANE: {
			GDMonoMarshal::M_Plane from = MARSHALLED_OUT(Plane, p_var.operator ::Plane());
			return mono_value_box(mono_domain_get(), CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Plane), &from);
		}
		case Variant::QUAT: {
			GDMonoMarshal::M_Quat from = MARSHALLED_OUT(Quat, p_var.operator ::Quat());
			return mono_value_box(mono_domain_get(), CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Quat), &from);
		}
		case Variant::AABB: {
			GDMonoMarshal::M_AABB from = MARSHALLED_OUT(AABB, p_var.operator ::AABB());
			return mono_value_box(mono_domain_get(), CACHED_CLASS_RAW(AABB), &from);
		}
		case Variant::BASIS: {
			GDMonoMarshal::M_Basis from = MARSHALLED_OUT(Basis, p_var.operator ::Basis());
			return mono_value_box(mono_domain_get(), CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Basis), &from);
		}
		case Variant::TRANSFORM: {
			GDMonoMarshal::M_Transform from = MARSHALLED_OUT(Transform, p_var.operator ::Transform());
			return mono_value_box(mono_domain_get(), CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Transform), &from);
		}
		case Variant::COLOR: {
			GDMonoMarshal::M_Color from = MARSHALLED_OUT(Color, p_var.operator ::Color());
			return mono_value_box(mono_domain_get(), CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Color), &from);
		}
		case Variant::NODE_PATH:
			return GDMonoUtils::create_managed_from(p_var.operator NodePath());
		case Variant::_RID:
			return GDMonoUtils::create_managed_from(p_var.operator ::RID());
		case Variant::OBJECT:
			return GDMonoUtils::unmanaged_get_managed(p_var.operator Object *());
		case Variant::DICTIONARY:
			return GDMonoUtils::create_managed_from(p_var.operator Dictionary(), CACHED_CLASS(Dictionary));
		case Variant::ARRAY:
			return GDMonoUtils::create_managed_from(p_var.operator Array(), CACHED_CLASS(Array));
		case Variant::POOL_BYTE_ARRAY:
			return (MonoObject *)PoolByteArray_to_mono_array(p_var.operator PoolByteArray());
		case Variant::POOL_INT_ARRAY:
			return (MonoObject *)PoolIntArray_to_mono_array(p_var.operator PoolIntArray());
		case Variant::POOL_REAL_ARRAY:
			return (MonoObject *)PoolRealArray_to_mono_array(p_var.operator PoolRealArray());
		case Variant::POOL_STRING_ARRAY:
			return (MonoObject *)PoolStringArray_to_mono_array(p_var.operator PoolStringArray());
		case Variant::POOL_VECTOR2_ARRAY:
			return (MonoObject *)PoolVector2Array_to_mono_array(p_var.operator PoolVector2Array());
		case Variant::POOL_VECTOR3_ARRAY:
			return (MonoObject *)PoolVector3Array_to_mono_array(p_var.operator PoolVector3Array());
		case Variant::POOL_COLOR_ARRAY:
			return (MonoObject *)PoolColorArray_to_mono_array(p_var.operator PoolColorArray());
		default:
			return nullptr;
	}
}

size_t variant_get_managed_unboxed_size(const ManagedType &p_type) {
	// This method prints no errors for unsupported types. It's called on all methods, not only
	// those that end up being invoked with Variant parameters.

	// For MonoObject* we return 0, as it doesn't need to be stored.
	constexpr size_t zero_for_mono_object = 0;

	switch (p_type.type_encoding) {
		case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
			return sizeof(MonoBoolean);
		case MONO_TYPE_CHAR:
			return sizeof(uint16_t);
		case MONO_TYPE_I1:
			return sizeof(int8_t);
		case MONO_TYPE_I2:
			return sizeof(int16_t);
		case MONO_TYPE_I4:
			return sizeof(int32_t);
		case MONO_TYPE_I8:
			return sizeof(int64_t);
		case MONO_TYPE_U1:
			return sizeof(uint8_t);
		case MONO_TYPE_U2:
			return sizeof(uint16_t);
		case MONO_TYPE_U4:
			return sizeof(uint32_t);
		case MONO_TYPE_U8:
			return sizeof(uint64_t);
		case MONO_TYPE_R4:
			return sizeof(float);
		case MONO_TYPE_R8:
			return sizeof(double);
		case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE: {
			GDMonoClass *vtclass = p_type.type_class;

#define RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(m_struct)    \
	if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(m_struct)) { \
		return sizeof(M_##m_struct);         \
	}

			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Vector2);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Rect2);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Transform2D);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Vector3);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Basis);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Quat);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Transform);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(AABB);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Color);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Plane);

#undef RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT

			if (mono_class_is_enum(vtclass->get_mono_ptr())) {
				MonoType *enum_basetype = mono_class_enum_basetype(vtclass->get_mono_ptr());
				switch (mono_type_get_type(enum_basetype)) {
					case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
						return sizeof(MonoBoolean);
					case MONO_TYPE_CHAR:
						return sizeof(uint16_t);
					case MONO_TYPE_I1:
						return sizeof(int8_t);
					case MONO_TYPE_I2:
						return sizeof(int16_t);
					case MONO_TYPE_I4:
						return sizeof(int32_t);
					case MONO_TYPE_I8:
						return sizeof(int64_t);
					case MONO_TYPE_U1:
						return sizeof(uint8_t);
					case MONO_TYPE_U2:
						return sizeof(uint16_t);
					case MONO_TYPE_U4:
						return sizeof(uint32_t);
					case MONO_TYPE_U8:
						return sizeof(uint64_t);
					default: {
						// Enum with unsupported base type. We return nullptr MonoObject* on error.
						return zero_for_mono_object;
					}
				}
			}

			// Enum with unsupported value type. We return nullptr MonoObject* on error.
		} break;
		case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
			return zero_for_mono_object;
		case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY:
		case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY:
		case MONO_TYPE_CLASS:
		case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST:
			return zero_for_mono_object;
		case MONO_TYPE_OBJECT:
			return zero_for_mono_object;
	}

	// Unsupported type encoding. We return nullptr MonoObject* on error.
	return zero_for_mono_object;
}

void *variant_to_managed_unboxed(const Variant &p_var, const ManagedType &p_type, void *r_buffer, unsigned int &r_offset) {
#define RETURN_TYPE_VAL(m_type, m_val)             \
	*reinterpret_cast<m_type *>(r_buffer) = m_val; \
	r_offset += sizeof(m_type);                    \
	return r_buffer;

	switch (p_type.type_encoding) {
		case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
			RETURN_TYPE_VAL(MonoBoolean, (MonoBoolean)p_var.operator bool());
		case MONO_TYPE_CHAR:
			RETURN_TYPE_VAL(uint16_t, p_var.operator unsigned short());
		case MONO_TYPE_I1:
			RETURN_TYPE_VAL(int8_t, p_var.operator signed char());
		case MONO_TYPE_I2:
			RETURN_TYPE_VAL(int16_t, p_var.operator signed short());
		case MONO_TYPE_I4:
			RETURN_TYPE_VAL(int32_t, p_var.operator signed int());
		case MONO_TYPE_I8:
			RETURN_TYPE_VAL(int64_t, p_var.operator int64_t());
		case MONO_TYPE_U1:
			RETURN_TYPE_VAL(uint8_t, p_var.operator unsigned char());
		case MONO_TYPE_U2:
			RETURN_TYPE_VAL(uint16_t, p_var.operator unsigned short());
		case MONO_TYPE_U4:
			RETURN_TYPE_VAL(uint32_t, p_var.operator unsigned int());
		case MONO_TYPE_U8:
			RETURN_TYPE_VAL(uint64_t, p_var.operator uint64_t());
		case MONO_TYPE_R4:
			RETURN_TYPE_VAL(float, p_var.operator float());
		case MONO_TYPE_R8:
			RETURN_TYPE_VAL(double, p_var.operator double());
		case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE: {
			GDMonoClass *vtclass = p_type.type_class;

#define RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(m_struct)                                                         \
	if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(m_struct)) {                                                      \
		GDMonoMarshal::M_##m_struct from = MARSHALLED_OUT(m_struct, p_var.operator ::m_struct()); \
		RETURN_TYPE_VAL(M_##m_struct, from);                                                      \
	}

			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Vector2);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Rect2);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Transform2D);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Vector3);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Basis);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Quat);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Transform);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(AABB);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Color);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Plane);

#undef RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT

			if (mono_class_is_enum(vtclass->get_mono_ptr())) {
				MonoType *enum_basetype = mono_class_enum_basetype(vtclass->get_mono_ptr());
				switch (mono_type_get_type(enum_basetype)) {
					case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
						MonoBoolean val = p_var.operator bool();
						RETURN_TYPE_VAL(MonoBoolean, val);
					}
					case MONO_TYPE_CHAR: {
						uint16_t val = p_var.operator unsigned short();
						RETURN_TYPE_VAL(uint16_t, val);
					}
					case MONO_TYPE_I1: {
						int8_t val = p_var.operator signed char();
						RETURN_TYPE_VAL(int8_t, val);
					}
					case MONO_TYPE_I2: {
						int16_t val = p_var.operator signed short();
						RETURN_TYPE_VAL(int16_t, val);
					}
					case MONO_TYPE_I4: {
						int32_t val = p_var.operator signed int();
						RETURN_TYPE_VAL(int32_t, val);
					}
					case MONO_TYPE_I8: {
						int64_t val = p_var.operator int64_t();
						RETURN_TYPE_VAL(int64_t, val);
					}
					case MONO_TYPE_U1: {
						uint8_t val = p_var.operator unsigned char();
						RETURN_TYPE_VAL(uint8_t, val);
					}
					case MONO_TYPE_U2: {
						uint16_t val = p_var.operator unsigned short();
						RETURN_TYPE_VAL(uint16_t, val);
					}
					case MONO_TYPE_U4: {
						uint32_t val = p_var.operator unsigned int();
						RETURN_TYPE_VAL(uint32_t, val);
					}
					case MONO_TYPE_U8: {
						uint64_t val = p_var.operator uint64_t();
						RETURN_TYPE_VAL(uint64_t, val);
					}
					default: {
						ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(nullptr, "Attempted to convert Variant to enum value of unsupported base type: '" + GDMonoClass::get_full_name(mono_class_from_mono_type(enum_basetype)) + "'.");
					}
				}
			}

			ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(nullptr, "Attempted to convert Variant to unsupported value type: '" + p_type.type_class->get_full_name() + "'.");
		} break;
#undef RETURN_TYPE_VAL
		case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
			return variant_to_mono_string(p_var);
		case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY:
		case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY:
			return variant_to_mono_array(p_var, p_type.type_class);
		case MONO_TYPE_CLASS:
			return variant_to_mono_object_of_class(p_var, p_type.type_class);
		case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST:
			return variant_to_mono_object_of_genericinst(p_var, p_type.type_class);
		case MONO_TYPE_OBJECT:
			return variant_to_mono_object(p_var);
	}

	ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(nullptr, "Attempted to convert Variant to unsupported type with encoding: " + itos(p_type.type_encoding) + ".");
}

MonoObject *variant_to_mono_object(const Variant &p_var, const ManagedType &p_type) {
	switch (p_type.type_encoding) {
		case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
			MonoBoolean val = p_var.operator bool();
			return BOX_BOOLEAN(val);
		}
		case MONO_TYPE_CHAR: {
			uint16_t val = p_var.operator unsigned short();
			return BOX_UINT16(val);
		}
		case MONO_TYPE_I1: {
			int8_t val = p_var.operator signed char();
			return BOX_INT8(val);
		}
		case MONO_TYPE_I2: {
			int16_t val = p_var.operator signed short();
			return BOX_INT16(val);
		}
		case MONO_TYPE_I4: {
			int32_t val = p_var.operator signed int();
			return BOX_INT32(val);
		}
		case MONO_TYPE_I8: {
			int64_t val = p_var.operator int64_t();
			return BOX_INT64(val);
		}
		case MONO_TYPE_U1: {
			uint8_t val = p_var.operator unsigned char();
			return BOX_UINT8(val);
		}
		case MONO_TYPE_U2: {
			uint16_t val = p_var.operator unsigned short();
			return BOX_UINT16(val);
		}
		case MONO_TYPE_U4: {
			uint32_t val = p_var.operator unsigned int();
			return BOX_UINT32(val);
		}
		case MONO_TYPE_U8: {
			uint64_t val = p_var.operator uint64_t();
			return BOX_UINT64(val);
		}
		case MONO_TYPE_R4: {
			float val = p_var.operator float();
			return BOX_FLOAT(val);
		}
		case MONO_TYPE_R8: {
			double val = p_var.operator double();
			return BOX_DOUBLE(val);
		}
		case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE: {
			GDMonoClass *vtclass = p_type.type_class;

#define RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(m_struct)                                                         \
	if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(m_struct)) {                                                      \
		GDMonoMarshal::M_##m_struct from = MARSHALLED_OUT(m_struct, p_var.operator ::m_struct()); \
		return mono_value_box(mono_domain_get(), CACHED_CLASS_RAW(m_struct), &from);              \
	}

			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Vector2);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Rect2);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Transform2D);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Vector3);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Basis);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Quat);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Transform);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(AABB);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Color);
			RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT(Plane);

#undef RETURN_CHECK_FOR_STRUCT

			if (mono_class_is_enum(vtclass->get_mono_ptr())) {
				MonoType *enum_basetype = mono_class_enum_basetype(vtclass->get_mono_ptr());
				MonoClass *enum_baseclass = mono_class_from_mono_type(enum_basetype);
				switch (mono_type_get_type(enum_basetype)) {
					case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
						MonoBoolean val = p_var.operator bool();
						return BOX_ENUM(enum_baseclass, val);
					}
					case MONO_TYPE_CHAR: {
						uint16_t val = p_var.operator unsigned short();
						return BOX_ENUM(enum_baseclass, val);
					}
					case MONO_TYPE_I1: {
						int8_t val = p_var.operator signed char();
						return BOX_ENUM(enum_baseclass, val);
					}
					case MONO_TYPE_I2: {
						int16_t val = p_var.operator signed short();
						return BOX_ENUM(enum_baseclass, val);
					}
					case MONO_TYPE_I4: {
						int32_t val = p_var.operator signed int();
						return BOX_ENUM(enum_baseclass, val);
					}
					case MONO_TYPE_I8: {
						int64_t val = p_var.operator int64_t();
						return BOX_ENUM(enum_baseclass, val);
					}
					case MONO_TYPE_U1: {
						uint8_t val = p_var.operator unsigned char();
						return BOX_ENUM(enum_baseclass, val);
					}
					case MONO_TYPE_U2: {
						uint16_t val = p_var.operator unsigned short();
						return BOX_ENUM(enum_baseclass, val);
					}
					case MONO_TYPE_U4: {
						uint32_t val = p_var.operator unsigned int();
						return BOX_ENUM(enum_baseclass, val);
					}
					case MONO_TYPE_U8: {
						uint64_t val = p_var.operator uint64_t();
						return BOX_ENUM(enum_baseclass, val);
					}
					default: {
						ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(nullptr, "Attempted to convert Variant to enum value of unsupported base type: '" + GDMonoClass::get_full_name(enum_baseclass) + "'.");
					}
				}
			}

			ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(nullptr, "Attempted to convert Variant to unsupported value type: '" + p_type.type_class->get_full_name() + "'.");
		} break;
		case MONO_TYPE_STRING:
			return (MonoObject *)variant_to_mono_string(p_var);
		case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY:
		case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY:
			return (MonoObject *)variant_to_mono_array(p_var, p_type.type_class);
		case MONO_TYPE_CLASS:
			return variant_to_mono_object_of_class(p_var, p_type.type_class);
		case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST:
			return variant_to_mono_object_of_genericinst(p_var, p_type.type_class);
		case MONO_TYPE_OBJECT:
			return variant_to_mono_object(p_var);
	}

	ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(nullptr, "Attempted to convert Variant to unsupported type with encoding: " + itos(p_type.type_encoding) + ".");
}

Variant mono_object_to_variant_impl(MonoObject *p_obj, const ManagedType &p_type, bool p_fail_with_err = true) {
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(!p_type.type_class, Variant());

#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
	CRASH_COND_MSG(p_type.type_encoding == MONO_TYPE_OBJECT, "Type of object should be known.");
#endif

	switch (p_type.type_encoding) {
		case MONO_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
			return (bool)unbox<MonoBoolean>(p_obj);
		case MONO_TYPE_CHAR:
			return unbox<uint16_t>(p_obj);
		case MONO_TYPE_I1:
			return unbox<int8_t>(p_obj);
		case MONO_TYPE_I2:
			return unbox<int16_t>(p_obj);
		case MONO_TYPE_I4:
			return unbox<int32_t>(p_obj);
		case MONO_TYPE_I8:
			return unbox<int64_t>(p_obj);
		case MONO_TYPE_U1:
			return unbox<uint8_t>(p_obj);
		case MONO_TYPE_U2:
			return unbox<uint16_t>(p_obj);
		case MONO_TYPE_U4:
			return unbox<uint32_t>(p_obj);
		case MONO_TYPE_U8:
			return unbox<uint64_t>(p_obj);
		case MONO_TYPE_R4:
			return unbox<float>(p_obj);
		case MONO_TYPE_R8:
			return unbox<double>(p_obj);
		case MONO_TYPE_VALUETYPE: {
			GDMonoClass *vtclass = p_type.type_class;

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(Vector2))
				return MARSHALLED_IN(Vector2, unbox_addr<GDMonoMarshal::M_Vector2>(p_obj));

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(Rect2))
				return MARSHALLED_IN(Rect2, unbox_addr<GDMonoMarshal::M_Rect2>(p_obj));

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(Transform2D))
				return MARSHALLED_IN(Transform2D, unbox_addr<GDMonoMarshal::M_Transform2D>(p_obj));

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(Vector3))
				return MARSHALLED_IN(Vector3, unbox_addr<GDMonoMarshal::M_Vector3>(p_obj));

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(Basis))
				return MARSHALLED_IN(Basis, unbox_addr<GDMonoMarshal::M_Basis>(p_obj));

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(Quat))
				return MARSHALLED_IN(Quat, unbox_addr<GDMonoMarshal::M_Quat>(p_obj));

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(Transform))
				return MARSHALLED_IN(Transform, unbox_addr<GDMonoMarshal::M_Transform>(p_obj));

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(AABB))
				return MARSHALLED_IN(AABB, unbox_addr<GDMonoMarshal::M_AABB>(p_obj));

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(Color))
				return MARSHALLED_IN(Color, unbox_addr<GDMonoMarshal::M_Color>(p_obj));

			if (vtclass == CACHED_CLASS(Plane))
				return MARSHALLED_IN(Plane, unbox_addr<GDMonoMarshal::M_Plane>(p_obj));

			if (mono_class_is_enum(vtclass->get_mono_ptr()))
				return unbox<int32_t>(p_obj);
		} break;
		case MONO_TYPE_STRING: {
			if (p_obj == NULL) {
				return Variant(); // NIL
			}
			return mono_string_to_godot_not_null((MonoString *)p_obj);
		} break;
		case MONO_TYPE_ARRAY:
		case MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY: {
			MonoArrayType *array_type = mono_type_get_array_type(p_type.type_class->get_mono_type());

			if (array_type->eklass == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(MonoObject))
				return mono_array_to_Array((MonoArray *)p_obj);

			if (array_type->eklass == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(uint8_t))
				return mono_array_to_PoolByteArray((MonoArray *)p_obj);

			if (array_type->eklass == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(int32_t))
				return mono_array_to_PoolIntArray((MonoArray *)p_obj);

			if (array_type->eklass == REAL_T_MONOCLASS)
				return mono_array_to_PoolRealArray((MonoArray *)p_obj);

			if (array_type->eklass == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(String))
				return mono_array_to_PoolStringArray((MonoArray *)p_obj);

			if (array_type->eklass == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Vector2))
				return mono_array_to_PoolVector2Array((MonoArray *)p_obj);

			if (array_type->eklass == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Vector3))
				return mono_array_to_PoolVector3Array((MonoArray *)p_obj);

			if (array_type->eklass == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Color))
				return mono_array_to_PoolColorArray((MonoArray *)p_obj);

			if (array_type->eklass == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(NodePath))
				return mono_array_to_Array((MonoArray *)p_obj);

			if (array_type->eklass == CACHED_CLASS_RAW(RID))
				return mono_array_to_Array((MonoArray *)p_obj);

			GDMonoClass *array_type_class = GDMono::get_singleton()->get_class(array_type->eklass);
			if (CACHED_CLASS(GodotObject)->is_assignable_from(array_type_class))
				return mono_array_to_Array((MonoArray *)p_obj);

			if (p_fail_with_err) {
				ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(Variant(), "Attempted to convert a managed array of unmarshallable element type to Variant.");
			} else {
				return Variant();
			}
		} break;
		case MONO_TYPE_CLASS: {
			GDMonoClass *type_class = p_type.type_class;

			// GodotObject
			if (CACHED_CLASS(GodotObject)->is_assignable_from(type_class)) {
				Object *ptr = unbox<Object *>(CACHED_FIELD(GodotObject, ptr)->get_value(p_obj));
				if (ptr != NULL) {
					Reference *ref = Object::cast_to<Reference>(ptr);
					return ref ? Variant(Ref<Reference>(ref)) : Variant(ptr);
				}
				return Variant();
			}

			if (CACHED_CLASS(NodePath) == type_class) {
				NodePath *ptr = unbox<NodePath *>(CACHED_FIELD(NodePath, ptr)->get_value(p_obj));
				return ptr ? Variant(*ptr) : Variant();
			}

			if (CACHED_CLASS(RID) == type_class) {
				RID *ptr = unbox<RID *>(CACHED_FIELD(RID, ptr)->get_value(p_obj));
				return ptr ? Variant(*ptr) : Variant();
			}

			// Godot.Collections.Dictionary
			if (CACHED_CLASS(Dictionary) == type_class) {
				MonoException *exc = NULL;
				Dictionary *ptr = CACHED_METHOD_THUNK(Dictionary, GetPtr).invoke(p_obj, &exc);
				UNHANDLED_EXCEPTION(exc);
				return ptr ? Variant(*ptr) : Variant();
			}

			// Godot.Collections.Array
			if (CACHED_CLASS(Array) == type_class) {
				MonoException *exc = NULL;
				Array *ptr = CACHED_METHOD_THUNK(Array, GetPtr).invoke(p_obj, &exc);
				UNHANDLED_EXCEPTION(exc);
				return ptr ? Variant(*ptr) : Variant();
			}
		} break;
		case MONO_TYPE_GENERICINST: {
			MonoReflectionType *reftype = mono_type_get_object(mono_domain_get(), p_type.type_class->get_mono_type());

			// Godot.Collections.Dictionary<TKey, TValue>
			if (GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_generic_dictionary(reftype)) {
				MonoException *exc = NULL;
				MonoObject *ret = p_type.type_class->get_method("GetPtr")->invoke(p_obj, &exc);
				UNHANDLED_EXCEPTION(exc);
				return *unbox<Dictionary *>(ret);
			}

			// Godot.Collections.Array<T>
			if (GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_generic_array(reftype)) {
				MonoException *exc = NULL;
				MonoObject *ret = p_type.type_class->get_method("GetPtr")->invoke(p_obj, &exc);
				UNHANDLED_EXCEPTION(exc);
				return *unbox<Array *>(ret);
			}

			// System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<TKey, TValue>
			if (GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_system_generic_dictionary(reftype)) {
				MonoReflectionType *key_reftype = nullptr;
				MonoReflectionType *value_reftype = nullptr;
				GDMonoUtils::Marshal::dictionary_get_key_value_types(reftype, &key_reftype, &value_reftype);
				return system_generic_dict_to_Dictionary(p_obj, p_type.type_class, key_reftype, value_reftype);
			}

			// System.Collections.Generic.List<T>
			if (GDMonoUtils::Marshal::type_is_system_generic_list(reftype)) {
				MonoReflectionType *elem_reftype = nullptr;
				GDMonoUtils::Marshal::array_get_element_type(reftype, &elem_reftype);
				return system_generic_list_to_Array_variant(p_obj, p_type.type_class, elem_reftype);
			}

			// GodotObject
			GDMonoClass *type_class = p_type.type_class;
			if (CACHED_CLASS(GodotObject)->is_assignable_from(type_class)) {
				Object *ptr = unbox<Object *>(CACHED_FIELD(GodotObject, ptr)->get_value(p_obj));
				if (ptr != NULL) {
					Reference *ref = Object::cast_to<Reference>(ptr);
					return ref ? Variant(Ref<Reference>(ref)) : Variant(ptr);
				}
				return Variant();
			}
		} break;
	}

	if (p_fail_with_err) {
		ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(Variant(), "Attempted to convert an unmarshallable managed type to Variant. Name: '" + p_type.type_class->get_name() + "' Encoding: " + itos(p_type.type_encoding) + ".");
	} else {
		return Variant();
	}
}

Variant mono_object_to_variant(MonoObject *p_obj) {
	if (!p_obj)
		return Variant();

	ManagedType type = ManagedType::from_class(mono_object_get_class(p_obj));

	return mono_object_to_variant_impl(p_obj, type);
}

Variant mono_object_to_variant(MonoObject *p_obj, const ManagedType &p_type) {
	if (!p_obj)
		return Variant();

	return mono_object_to_variant_impl(p_obj, p_type);
}

Variant mono_object_to_variant_no_err(MonoObject *p_obj, const ManagedType &p_type) {
	if (!p_obj)
		return Variant();

	return mono_object_to_variant_impl(p_obj, p_type, /* fail_with_err: */ false);
}

String mono_object_to_variant_string(MonoObject *p_obj, MonoException **r_exc) {
	if (p_obj == nullptr) {
		return String("null");
	}

	ManagedType type = ManagedType::from_class(mono_object_get_class(p_obj));
	Variant var = GDMonoMarshal::mono_object_to_variant_no_err(p_obj, type);

	if (var.get_type() == Variant::NIL) { // `&& p_obj != NULL` but omitted because always true
		// Cannot convert MonoObject* to Variant; fallback to 'ToString()'.
		MonoException *exc = NULL;
		MonoString *mono_str = GDMonoUtils::object_to_string(p_obj, &exc);

		if (exc) {
			if (r_exc)
				*r_exc = exc;
			return String();
		}

		return GDMonoMarshal::mono_string_to_godot(mono_str);
	} else {
		return var.operator String();
	}
}

MonoObject *Dictionary_to_system_generic_dict(const Dictionary &p_dict, GDMonoClass *p_class, MonoReflectionType *p_key_reftype, MonoReflectionType *p_value_reftype) {
	String ctor_desc = ":.ctor(System.Collections.Generic.IDictionary`2<" + GDMonoUtils::get_type_desc(p_key_reftype) +
			", " + GDMonoUtils::get_type_desc(p_value_reftype) + ">)";
	GDMonoMethod *ctor = p_class->get_method_with_desc(ctor_desc, true);
	CRASH_COND(ctor == nullptr);

	MonoObject *mono_object = mono_object_new(mono_domain_get(), p_class->get_mono_ptr());
	ERR_FAIL_NULL_V(mono_object, nullptr);

	GDMonoClass *godot_dict_class = GDMonoUtils::Marshal::make_generic_dictionary_type(p_key_reftype, p_value_reftype);
	MonoObject *godot_dict = GDMonoUtils::create_managed_from(p_dict, godot_dict_class);

	void *ctor_args[1] = { godot_dict };

	MonoException *exc = nullptr;
	ctor->invoke_raw(mono_object, ctor_args, &exc);
	UNHANDLED_EXCEPTION(exc);

	return mono_object;
}

Dictionary system_generic_dict_to_Dictionary(MonoObject *p_obj, GDMonoClass *p_class, MonoReflectionType *p_key_reftype, MonoReflectionType *p_value_reftype) {
	GDMonoClass *godot_dict_class = GDMonoUtils::Marshal::make_generic_dictionary_type(p_key_reftype, p_value_reftype);
	String ctor_desc = ":.ctor(System.Collections.Generic.IDictionary`2<" + GDMonoUtils::get_type_desc(p_key_reftype) +
			", " + GDMonoUtils::get_type_desc(p_value_reftype) + ">)";
	GDMonoMethod *godot_dict_ctor = godot_dict_class->get_method_with_desc(ctor_desc, true);
	CRASH_COND(godot_dict_ctor == nullptr);

	MonoObject *godot_dict = mono_object_new(mono_domain_get(), godot_dict_class->get_mono_ptr());
	ERR_FAIL_NULL_V(godot_dict, Dictionary());

	void *ctor_args[1] = { p_obj };

	MonoException *exc = nullptr;
	godot_dict_ctor->invoke_raw(godot_dict, ctor_args, &exc);
	UNHANDLED_EXCEPTION(exc);

	exc = nullptr;
	MonoObject *ret = godot_dict_class->get_method("GetPtr")->invoke(godot_dict, &exc);
	UNHANDLED_EXCEPTION(exc);

	return *unbox<Dictionary *>(ret);
}

MonoObject *Array_to_system_generic_list(const Array &p_array, GDMonoClass *p_class, MonoReflectionType *p_elem_reftype) {
	MonoType *elem_type = mono_reflection_type_get_type(p_elem_reftype);

	String ctor_desc = ":.ctor(System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1<" + GDMonoUtils::get_type_desc(elem_type) + ">)";
	GDMonoMethod *ctor = p_class->get_method_with_desc(ctor_desc, true);
	CRASH_COND(ctor == nullptr);

	MonoObject *mono_object = mono_object_new(mono_domain_get(), p_class->get_mono_ptr());
	ERR_FAIL_NULL_V(mono_object, nullptr);

	GDMonoClass *godot_array_class = GDMonoUtils::Marshal::make_generic_array_type(p_elem_reftype);
	MonoObject *godot_array = GDMonoUtils::create_managed_from(p_array, godot_array_class);

	void *ctor_args[1] = { godot_array };

	MonoException *exc = nullptr;
	ctor->invoke_raw(mono_object, ctor_args, &exc);
	UNHANDLED_EXCEPTION(exc);

	return mono_object;
}

Variant system_generic_list_to_Array_variant(MonoObject *p_obj, GDMonoClass *p_class, MonoReflectionType *p_elem_reftype) {
	GDMonoMethod *to_array = p_class->get_method("ToArray", 0);
	CRASH_COND(to_array == nullptr);

	MonoException *exc = nullptr;
	MonoObject *array = to_array->invoke_raw(p_obj, nullptr, &exc);
	UNHANDLED_EXCEPTION(exc);

	ERR_FAIL_NULL_V(array, Variant());

	ManagedType type = ManagedType::from_class(mono_object_get_class(array));

	bool result_is_array = type.type_encoding != MONO_TYPE_SZARRAY && type.type_encoding != MONO_TYPE_ARRAY;
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(result_is_array, Variant());

	return mono_object_to_variant(array, type);
}

MonoArray *Array_to_mono_array(const Array &p_array) {
	int length = p_array.size();
	MonoArray *ret = mono_array_new(mono_domain_get(), CACHED_CLASS_RAW(MonoObject), length);

	for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
		MonoObject *boxed = variant_to_mono_object(p_array[i]);
		mono_array_setref(ret, i, boxed);
	}

	return ret;
}

MonoArray *Array_to_mono_array(const Array &p_array, MonoClass *p_array_type_class) {
	int length = p_array.size();
	MonoArray *ret = mono_array_new(mono_domain_get(), p_array_type_class, length);

	for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
		MonoObject *boxed = variant_to_mono_object(p_array[i]);
		mono_array_setref(ret, i, boxed);
	}

	return ret;
}

Array mono_array_to_Array(MonoArray *p_array) {
	Array ret;
	if (!p_array)
		return ret;
	int length = mono_array_length(p_array);
	ret.resize(length);

	for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
		MonoObject *elem = mono_array_get(p_array, MonoObject *, i);
		ret[i] = mono_object_to_variant(elem);
	}

	return ret;
}

// TODO: Use memcpy where possible

MonoArray *PoolIntArray_to_mono_array(const PoolIntArray &p_array) {
	PoolIntArray::Read r = p_array.read();

	MonoArray *ret = mono_array_new(mono_domain_get(), CACHED_CLASS_RAW(int32_t), p_array.size());

	for (int i = 0; i < p_array.size(); i++) {
		mono_array_set(ret, int32_t, i, r[i]);
	}

	return ret;
}

PoolIntArray mono_array_to_PoolIntArray(MonoArray *p_array) {
	PoolIntArray ret;
	if (!p_array)
		return ret;
	int length = mono_array_length(p_array);
	ret.resize(length);
	PoolIntArray::Write w = ret.write();

	for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
		w[i] = mono_array_get(p_array, int32_t, i);
	}

	return ret;
}

MonoArray *PoolByteArray_to_mono_array(const PoolByteArray &p_array) {
	PoolByteArray::Read r = p_array.read();

	MonoArray *ret = mono_array_new(mono_domain_get(), CACHED_CLASS_RAW(uint8_t), p_array.size());

	for (int i = 0; i < p_array.size(); i++) {
		mono_array_set(ret, uint8_t, i, r[i]);
	}

	return ret;
}

PoolByteArray mono_array_to_PoolByteArray(MonoArray *p_array) {
	PoolByteArray ret;
	if (!p_array)
		return ret;
	int length = mono_array_length(p_array);
	ret.resize(length);
	PoolByteArray::Write w = ret.write();

	for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
		w[i] = mono_array_get(p_array, uint8_t, i);
	}

	return ret;
}

MonoArray *PoolRealArray_to_mono_array(const PoolRealArray &p_array) {
	PoolRealArray::Read r = p_array.read();

	MonoArray *ret = mono_array_new(mono_domain_get(), REAL_T_MONOCLASS, p_array.size());

	for (int i = 0; i < p_array.size(); i++) {
		mono_array_set(ret, real_t, i, r[i]);
	}

	return ret;
}

PoolRealArray mono_array_to_PoolRealArray(MonoArray *p_array) {
	PoolRealArray ret;
	if (!p_array)
		return ret;
	int length = mono_array_length(p_array);
	ret.resize(length);
	PoolRealArray::Write w = ret.write();

	for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
		w[i] = mono_array_get(p_array, real_t, i);
	}

	return ret;
}

MonoArray *PoolStringArray_to_mono_array(const PoolStringArray &p_array) {
	PoolStringArray::Read r = p_array.read();

	MonoArray *ret = mono_array_new(mono_domain_get(), CACHED_CLASS_RAW(String), p_array.size());

	for (int i = 0; i < p_array.size(); i++) {
		MonoString *boxed = mono_string_from_godot(r[i]);
		mono_array_setref(ret, i, boxed);
	}

	return ret;
}

PoolStringArray mono_array_to_PoolStringArray(MonoArray *p_array) {
	PoolStringArray ret;
	if (!p_array)
		return ret;
	int length = mono_array_length(p_array);
	ret.resize(length);
	PoolStringArray::Write w = ret.write();

	for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
		MonoString *elem = mono_array_get(p_array, MonoString *, i);
		w[i] = mono_string_to_godot(elem);
	}

	return ret;
}

MonoArray *PoolColorArray_to_mono_array(const PoolColorArray &p_array) {
	PoolColorArray::Read r = p_array.read();

	MonoArray *ret = mono_array_new(mono_domain_get(), CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Color), p_array.size());

	for (int i = 0; i < p_array.size(); i++) {
		M_Color *raw = (M_Color *)mono_array_addr_with_size(ret, sizeof(M_Color), i);
		*raw = MARSHALLED_OUT(Color, r[i]);
	}

	return ret;
}

PoolColorArray mono_array_to_PoolColorArray(MonoArray *p_array) {
	PoolColorArray ret;
	if (!p_array)
		return ret;
	int length = mono_array_length(p_array);
	ret.resize(length);
	PoolColorArray::Write w = ret.write();

	for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
		w[i] = MARSHALLED_IN(Color, (M_Color *)mono_array_addr_with_size(p_array, sizeof(M_Color), i));
	}

	return ret;
}

MonoArray *PoolVector2Array_to_mono_array(const PoolVector2Array &p_array) {
	PoolVector2Array::Read r = p_array.read();

	MonoArray *ret = mono_array_new(mono_domain_get(), CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Vector2), p_array.size());

	for (int i = 0; i < p_array.size(); i++) {
		M_Vector2 *raw = (M_Vector2 *)mono_array_addr_with_size(ret, sizeof(M_Vector2), i);
		*raw = MARSHALLED_OUT(Vector2, r[i]);
	}

	return ret;
}

PoolVector2Array mono_array_to_PoolVector2Array(MonoArray *p_array) {
	PoolVector2Array ret;
	if (!p_array)
		return ret;
	int length = mono_array_length(p_array);
	ret.resize(length);
	PoolVector2Array::Write w = ret.write();

	for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
		w[i] = MARSHALLED_IN(Vector2, (M_Vector2 *)mono_array_addr_with_size(p_array, sizeof(M_Vector2), i));
	}

	return ret;
}

MonoArray *PoolVector3Array_to_mono_array(const PoolVector3Array &p_array) {
	PoolVector3Array::Read r = p_array.read();

	MonoArray *ret = mono_array_new(mono_domain_get(), CACHED_CLASS_RAW(Vector3), p_array.size());

	for (int i = 0; i < p_array.size(); i++) {
		M_Vector3 *raw = (M_Vector3 *)mono_array_addr_with_size(ret, sizeof(M_Vector3), i);
		*raw = MARSHALLED_OUT(Vector3, r[i]);
	}

	return ret;
}

PoolVector3Array mono_array_to_PoolVector3Array(MonoArray *p_array) {
	PoolVector3Array ret;
	if (!p_array)
		return ret;
	int length = mono_array_length(p_array);
	ret.resize(length);
	PoolVector3Array::Write w = ret.write();

	for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
		w[i] = MARSHALLED_IN(Vector3, (M_Vector3 *)mono_array_addr_with_size(p_array, sizeof(M_Vector3), i));
	}

	return ret;
}

} // namespace GDMonoMarshal