Previously, only forward basis distance from the camera was used.
This means that unnecessarily high LOD levels were used for objects located to the side of the camera.
The distance from the camera origin is now used, independently of direction.
This allows light sources to be specified in physical light units in addition to the regular energy multiplier. In order to avoid loss of precision at high values, brightness values are premultiplied by an exposure normalization value.
In support of Physical Light Units this PR also renames CameraEffects to CameraAttributes.
This can be used to make shadows translucent for a specific light.
The light distance fade system also uses this to smoothly fade the shadow
when the light fade transition distance is greater than 0.
Mipmap LOD bias can be useful to improve the appearance of distant
textures without increasing anisotropic filtering (or in situations
where anisotropic filtering is not effective).
`fsr_mipmap_bias` was renamed to `texture_mipmap_bias` accordingly.
The property hint now allows for greater precision as well.
Implement built-in classes Vector4, Vector4i and Projection.
* Two versions of Vector4 (float and integer).
* A Projection class, which is a 4x4 matrix specialized in projection types.
These types have been requested for a long time, but given they were very corner case they were not added before.
Because in Godot 4, reimplementing parts of the rendering engine is now possible, access to these types (heavily used by the rendering code) becomes a necessity.
**Q**: Why Projection and not Matrix4?
**A**: Godot does not use Matrix2, Matrix3, Matrix4x3, etc. naming convention because, within the engine, these types always have a *purpose*. As such, Godot names them: Transform2D, Transform3D or Basis. In this case, this 4x4 matrix is _always_ used as a _Projection_, hence the naming.
`rendering/quality/shadows` is now `rendering/quality/positional_shadow`
to explicitly denote that the settings only affect positional light shadows,
not directional light shadows.
Shadow atlas settings now contain the word "atlas" for easier searching.
Soft shadow quality settings were renamed to contain the word "filter".
This makes the settings appear when searching for "filter" in the
project settings dialog, like in Godot 3.x.
Initial TAA support based on the implementation in Spartan Engine.
Motion vectors are correctly generated for camera and mesh movement, but there is no support for other things like particles or skeleton deformations.
This provides more flexibility between performance and quality
adjustments, especially when using SDFGI for small-scale levels
(which can be useful for procedurally generated scenes).
Applying overlay materials into multi-surface meshes currently
requires adding a next pass material to all the surfaces, which
might be cumbersome when the material is to be applied to a range
of different geometries. This also makes it not trivial to use
AnimationPlayer to control the material in case of visual effects.
The material_override property is not an option as it works
replacing the active material for the surfaces, not adding a new pass.
This commit adds the material_overlay property to GeometryInstance3D
(and therefore MeshInstance3D), having the same reach as
material_override (that is, all surfaces) but adding a new material
pass on top of the active materials, instead of replacing them.
