virtualx-engine/scene/resources/animation.h

/*************************************************************************/
/*  animation.h                                                          */
/*************************************************************************/
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/* Copyright (c) 2007-2022 Juan Linietsky, Ariel Manzur.                 */
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#ifndef ANIMATION_H
#define ANIMATION_H

#include "core/io/resource.h"
#include "core/templates/local_vector.h"

#define ANIM_MIN_LENGTH 0.001

class Animation : public Resource {
	GDCLASS(Animation, Resource);
	RES_BASE_EXTENSION("anim");

public:
	enum TrackType {
		TYPE_VALUE, ///< Set a value in a property, can be interpolated.
		TYPE_POSITION_3D, ///< Position 3D track
		TYPE_ROTATION_3D, ///< Rotation 3D track
		TYPE_SCALE_3D, ///< Scale 3D track
		TYPE_BLEND_SHAPE, ///< Blend Shape track
		TYPE_METHOD, ///< Call any method on a specific node.
		TYPE_BEZIER, ///< Bezier curve
		TYPE_AUDIO,
		TYPE_ANIMATION,
	};

	enum InterpolationType {
		INTERPOLATION_NEAREST,
		INTERPOLATION_LINEAR,
		INTERPOLATION_CUBIC,
	};

	enum UpdateMode {
		UPDATE_CONTINUOUS,
		UPDATE_DISCRETE,
		UPDATE_TRIGGER,
		UPDATE_CAPTURE,
	};

	enum LoopMode {
		LOOP_NONE,
		LOOP_LINEAR,
		LOOP_PINGPONG,
	};

#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
	enum HandleMode {
		HANDLE_MODE_FREE,
		HANDLE_MODE_LINEAR,
		HANDLE_MODE_BALANCED,
		HANDLE_MODE_MIRRORED,
	};
	enum HandleSetMode {
		HANDLE_SET_MODE_NONE,
		HANDLE_SET_MODE_RESET,
		HANDLE_SET_MODE_AUTO,
	};
#endif // TOOLS_ENABLED

private:
	struct Track {
		TrackType type = TrackType::TYPE_ANIMATION;
		InterpolationType interpolation = INTERPOLATION_LINEAR;
		bool loop_wrap = true;
		NodePath path; // path to something
		bool imported = false;
		bool enabled = true;
		Track() {}
		virtual ~Track() {}
	};

	struct Key {
		real_t transition = 1.0;
		double time = 0.0; // time in secs
	};

	// transform key holds either Vector3 or Quaternion
	template <class T>
	struct TKey : public Key {
		T value;
	};

	const int32_t POSITION_TRACK_SIZE = 5;
	const int32_t ROTATION_TRACK_SIZE = 6;
	const int32_t SCALE_TRACK_SIZE = 5;
	const int32_t BLEND_SHAPE_TRACK_SIZE = 3;

	/* POSITION TRACK */

	struct PositionTrack : public Track {
		Vector<TKey<Vector3>> positions;
		int32_t compressed_track = -1;
		PositionTrack() { type = TYPE_POSITION_3D; }
	};

	/* ROTATION TRACK */

	struct RotationTrack : public Track {
		Vector<TKey<Quaternion>> rotations;
		int32_t compressed_track = -1;
		RotationTrack() { type = TYPE_ROTATION_3D; }
	};

	/* SCALE TRACK */

	struct ScaleTrack : public Track {
		Vector<TKey<Vector3>> scales;
		int32_t compressed_track = -1;
		ScaleTrack() { type = TYPE_SCALE_3D; }
	};

	/* BLEND SHAPE TRACK */

	struct BlendShapeTrack : public Track {
		Vector<TKey<float>> blend_shapes;
		int32_t compressed_track = -1;
		BlendShapeTrack() { type = TYPE_BLEND_SHAPE; }
	};

	/* PROPERTY VALUE TRACK */

	struct ValueTrack : public Track {
		UpdateMode update_mode = UPDATE_CONTINUOUS;
		bool update_on_seek = false;
		Vector<TKey<Variant>> values;

		ValueTrack() {
			type = TYPE_VALUE;
		}
	};

	/* METHOD TRACK */

	struct MethodKey : public Key {
		StringName method;
		Vector<Variant> params;
	};

	struct MethodTrack : public Track {
		Vector<MethodKey> methods;
		MethodTrack() { type = TYPE_METHOD; }
	};

	/* BEZIER TRACK */
	struct BezierKey {
		Vector2 in_handle; //relative (x always <0)
		Vector2 out_handle; //relative (x always >0)
		real_t value = 0.0;
#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
		HandleMode handle_mode = HANDLE_MODE_FREE;
#endif // TOOLS_ENABLED
	};

	struct BezierTrack : public Track {
		Vector<TKey<BezierKey>> values;

		BezierTrack() {
			type = TYPE_BEZIER;
		}
	};

	/* AUDIO TRACK */

	struct AudioKey {
		Ref<Resource> stream;
		real_t start_offset = 0.0; //offset from start
		real_t end_offset = 0.0; //offset from end, if 0 then full length or infinite
		AudioKey() {
		}
	};

	struct AudioTrack : public Track {
		Vector<TKey<AudioKey>> values;

		AudioTrack() {
			type = TYPE_AUDIO;
		}
	};

	/* AUDIO TRACK */

	struct AnimationTrack : public Track {
		Vector<TKey<StringName>> values;

		AnimationTrack() {
			type = TYPE_ANIMATION;
		}
	};

	Vector<Track *> tracks;

	/*
	template<class T>
	int _insert_pos(double p_time, T& p_keys);*/

	template <class T>
	void _clear(T &p_keys);

	template <class T, class V>
	int _insert(double p_time, T &p_keys, const V &p_value);

	template <class K>

	inline int _find(const Vector<K> &p_keys, double p_time, bool p_backward = false) const;

	_FORCE_INLINE_ Vector3 _interpolate(const Vector3 &p_a, const Vector3 &p_b, real_t p_c) const;
	_FORCE_INLINE_ Quaternion _interpolate(const Quaternion &p_a, const Quaternion &p_b, real_t p_c) const;
	_FORCE_INLINE_ Variant _interpolate(const Variant &p_a, const Variant &p_b, real_t p_c) const;
	_FORCE_INLINE_ real_t _interpolate(const real_t &p_a, const real_t &p_b, real_t p_c) const;

	_FORCE_INLINE_ Vector3 _cubic_interpolate_in_time(const Vector3 &p_pre_a, const Vector3 &p_a, const Vector3 &p_b, const Vector3 &p_post_b, real_t p_c, real_t p_pre_a_t, real_t p_b_t, real_t p_post_b_t) const;
	_FORCE_INLINE_ Quaternion _cubic_interpolate_in_time(const Quaternion &p_pre_a, const Quaternion &p_a, const Quaternion &p_b, const Quaternion &p_post_b, real_t p_c, real_t p_pre_a_t, real_t p_b_t, real_t p_post_b_t) const;
	_FORCE_INLINE_ Variant _cubic_interpolate_in_time(const Variant &p_pre_a, const Variant &p_a, const Variant &p_b, const Variant &p_post_b, real_t p_c, real_t p_pre_a_t, real_t p_b_t, real_t p_post_b_t) const;
	_FORCE_INLINE_ real_t _cubic_interpolate_in_time(const real_t &p_pre_a, const real_t &p_a, const real_t &p_b, const real_t &p_post_b, real_t p_c, real_t p_pre_a_t, real_t p_b_t, real_t p_post_b_t) const;

	template <class T>
	_FORCE_INLINE_ T _interpolate(const Vector<TKey<T>> &p_keys, double p_time, InterpolationType p_interp, bool p_loop_wrap, bool *p_ok, bool p_backward = false) const;

	template <class T>
	_FORCE_INLINE_ void _track_get_key_indices_in_range(const Vector<T> &p_array, double from_time, double to_time, List<int> *p_indices) const;

	_FORCE_INLINE_ void _value_track_get_key_indices_in_range(const ValueTrack *vt, double from_time, double to_time, List<int> *p_indices) const;
	_FORCE_INLINE_ void _method_track_get_key_indices_in_range(const MethodTrack *mt, double from_time, double to_time, List<int> *p_indices) const;

	double length = 1.0;
	real_t step = 0.1;
	LoopMode loop_mode = LOOP_NONE;
	int pingponged = 0;

	/* Animation compression page format (version 1):
	 *
	 * Animation uses bitwidth based compression separated into small pages. The intention is that pages fit easily in the cache, so decoding is cache efficient.
	 * The page-based nature also makes future animation streaming from disk possible.
	 *
	 * Actual format:
	 *
	 * num_compressed_tracks = bounds.size()
	 * header : (x num_compressed_tracks)
	 * -------
	 * timeline_keys_offset : uint32_t - offset to time keys
	 * timeline_size : uint32_t - amount of time keys
	 * data_keys_offset : uint32_t offset to key data
	 *
	 * time key (uint32_t):
	 * ------------------
	 * frame : bits 0-15 - time offset of key, computed as: page.time_offset + frame * (1.0/fps)
	 * data_key_offset : bits 16-27 - offset to key data, computed as: data_keys_offset * 4 + data_key_offset
	 * data_key_count : bits 28-31 - amount of data keys pointed to, computed as: data_key_count+1 (max 16)
	 *
	 * data key:
	 * ---------
	 * X / Blend Shape : uint16_t - X coordinate of XYZ vector key, or Blend Shape value. If Blend shape, Y and Z are not present and can be ignored.
	 * Y : uint16_t
	 * Z : uint16_t
	 * If data_key_count+1 > 1 (if more than 1 key is stored):
	 * data_bitwidth : uint16_t - This is only present if data_key_count > 1. Contains delta bitwidth information.
	 *    X / Blend Shape delta bitwidth: bits 0-3 -
	 * if 0, nothing is present for X (use the first key-value for subsequent keys),
	 * else assume the number of bits present for each element (+ 1 for sign). Assumed always 16 bits, delta max signed 15 bits, with underflow and overflow supported.
	 *    Y delta bitwidth : bits 4-7
	 *    Z delta bitwidth : bits 8-11
	 *    FRAME delta bitwidth : 12-15 bits - always present (obviously), actual bitwidth is FRAME+1
	 * Data key is 4 bytes long for Blend Shapes, 8 bytes long for pos/rot/scale.
	 *
	 * delta keys:
	 * -----------
	 * Compressed format is packed in the following format after the data key, containing delta keys one after the next in a tightly bit packed fashion.
	 * FRAME bits -> X / Blend Shape Bits (if bitwidth > 0) -> Y Bits (if not Blend Shape and Y Bitwidth > 0) -> Z Bits (if not Blend Shape and Z Bitwidth > 0)
	 *
	 * data key format:
	 * ----------------
	 * Decoding keys means starting from the base key and going key by key applying deltas until the proper position is reached needed for interpolation.
	 * Resulting values are uint32_t
	 * data for X / Blend Shape, Y and Z must be normalized first: unorm = float(data) / 65535.0
	 * **Blend Shape**: (unorm * 2.0 - 1.0) * Compression::BLEND_SHAPE_RANGE
	 * **Pos/Scale**: unorm_vec3 * bounds[track].size + bounds[track].position
	 * **Rotation**: Quaternion(Vector3::octahedron_decode(unorm_vec3.xy),unorm_vec3.z * Math_PI * 2.0)
	 * **Frame**: page.time_offset + frame * (1.0/fps)
	 */

	struct Compression {
		enum {
			MAX_DATA_TRACK_SIZE = 16384,
			BLEND_SHAPE_RANGE = 8, // - 8.0 to 8.0
			FORMAT_VERSION = 1
		};
		struct Page {
			Vector<uint8_t> data;
			double time_offset;
		};

		uint32_t fps = 120;
		LocalVector<Page> pages;
		LocalVector<AABB> bounds; //used by position and scale tracks (which contain index to track and index to bounds).
		bool enabled = false;
	} compression;

	Vector3i _compress_key(uint32_t p_track, const AABB &p_bounds, int32_t p_key = -1, float p_time = 0.0);
	bool _rotation_interpolate_compressed(uint32_t p_compressed_track, double p_time, Quaternion &r_ret) const;
	bool _pos_scale_interpolate_compressed(uint32_t p_compressed_track, double p_time, Vector3 &r_ret) const;
	bool _blend_shape_interpolate_compressed(uint32_t p_compressed_track, double p_time, float &r_ret) const;
	template <uint32_t COMPONENTS>
	bool _fetch_compressed(uint32_t p_compressed_track, double p_time, Vector3i &r_current_value, double &r_current_time, Vector3i &r_next_value, double &r_next_time, uint32_t *key_index = nullptr) const;
	template <uint32_t COMPONENTS>
	bool _fetch_compressed_by_index(uint32_t p_compressed_track, int p_index, Vector3i &r_value, double &r_time) const;
	int _get_compressed_key_count(uint32_t p_compressed_track) const;
	template <uint32_t COMPONENTS>
	void _get_compressed_key_indices_in_range(uint32_t p_compressed_track, double p_time, double p_delta, List<int> *r_indices) const;
	_FORCE_INLINE_ Quaternion _uncompress_quaternion(const Vector3i &p_value) const;
	_FORCE_INLINE_ Vector3 _uncompress_pos_scale(uint32_t p_compressed_track, const Vector3i &p_value) const;
	_FORCE_INLINE_ float _uncompress_blend_shape(const Vector3i &p_value) const;

	// bind helpers
private:
	Vector<int> _value_track_get_key_indices(int p_track, double p_time, double p_delta) const {
		List<int> idxs;
		value_track_get_key_indices(p_track, p_time, p_delta, &idxs);
		Vector<int> idxr;

		for (int &E : idxs) {
			idxr.push_back(E);
		}
		return idxr;
	}
	Vector<int> _method_track_get_key_indices(int p_track, double p_time, double p_delta) const {
		List<int> idxs;
		method_track_get_key_indices(p_track, p_time, p_delta, &idxs);
		Vector<int> idxr;

		for (int &E : idxs) {
			idxr.push_back(E);
		}
		return idxr;
	}

	bool _vector3_track_optimize_key(const TKey<Vector3> t0, const TKey<Vector3> t1, const TKey<Vector3> t2, real_t p_alowed_velocity_err, real_t p_allowed_angular_error, real_t p_allowed_precision_error);
	bool _quaternion_track_optimize_key(const TKey<Quaternion> t0, const TKey<Quaternion> t1, const TKey<Quaternion> t2, real_t p_allowed_velocity_err, real_t p_allowed_angular_error, real_t p_allowed_precision_error);
	bool _float_track_optimize_key(const TKey<float> t0, const TKey<float> t1, const TKey<float> t2, real_t p_allowed_velocity_err, real_t p_allowed_precision_error);

	void _position_track_optimize(int p_idx, real_t p_allowed_velocity_err, real_t p_allowed_angular_err, real_t p_allowed_precision_error);
	void _rotation_track_optimize(int p_idx, real_t p_allowed_velocity_err, real_t p_allowed_angular_error, real_t p_allowed_precision_error);
	void _scale_track_optimize(int p_idx, real_t p_allowed_velocity_err, real_t p_allowed_angular_err, real_t p_allowed_precision_error);
	void _blend_shape_track_optimize(int p_idx, real_t p_allowed_velocity_err, real_t p_allowed_precision_error);

protected:
	bool _set(const StringName &p_name, const Variant &p_value);
	bool _get(const StringName &p_name, Variant &r_ret) const;
	void _get_property_list(List<PropertyInfo> *p_list) const;

	virtual void reset_state() override;

	static void _bind_methods();

public:
	int add_track(TrackType p_type, int p_at_pos = -1);
	void remove_track(int p_track);

	int get_track_count() const;
	TrackType track_get_type(int p_track) const;

	void track_set_path(int p_track, const NodePath &p_path);
	NodePath track_get_path(int p_track) const;
	int find_track(const NodePath &p_path, const TrackType p_type) const;

	void track_move_up(int p_track);
	void track_move_down(int p_track);
	void track_move_to(int p_track, int p_to_index);
	void track_swap(int p_track, int p_with_track);

	void track_set_imported(int p_track, bool p_imported);
	bool track_is_imported(int p_track) const;

	void track_set_enabled(int p_track, bool p_enabled);
	bool track_is_enabled(int p_track) const;

	int track_insert_key(int p_track, double p_time, const Variant &p_key, real_t p_transition = 1);
	void track_set_key_transition(int p_track, int p_key_idx, real_t p_transition);
	void track_set_key_value(int p_track, int p_key_idx, const Variant &p_value);
	void track_set_key_time(int p_track, int p_key_idx, double p_time);
	int track_find_key(int p_track, double p_time, bool p_exact = false) const;
	void track_remove_key(int p_track, int p_idx);
	void track_remove_key_at_time(int p_track, double p_time);
	int track_get_key_count(int p_track) const;
	Variant track_get_key_value(int p_track, int p_key_idx) const;
	double track_get_key_time(int p_track, int p_key_idx) const;
	real_t track_get_key_transition(int p_track, int p_key_idx) const;
	bool track_is_compressed(int p_track) const;

	int position_track_insert_key(int p_track, double p_time, const Vector3 &p_position);
	Error position_track_get_key(int p_track, int p_key, Vector3 *r_position) const;
	Error position_track_interpolate(int p_track, double p_time, Vector3 *r_interpolation) const;

	int rotation_track_insert_key(int p_track, double p_time, const Quaternion &p_rotation);
	Error rotation_track_get_key(int p_track, int p_key, Quaternion *r_rotation) const;
	Error rotation_track_interpolate(int p_track, double p_time, Quaternion *r_interpolation) const;

	int scale_track_insert_key(int p_track, double p_time, const Vector3 &p_scale);
	Error scale_track_get_key(int p_track, int p_key, Vector3 *r_scale) const;
	Error scale_track_interpolate(int p_track, double p_time, Vector3 *r_interpolation) const;

	int blend_shape_track_insert_key(int p_track, double p_time, float p_blend);
	Error blend_shape_track_get_key(int p_track, int p_key, float *r_blend) const;
	Error blend_shape_track_interpolate(int p_track, double p_time, float *r_blend) const;

	void track_set_interpolation_type(int p_track, InterpolationType p_interp);
	InterpolationType track_get_interpolation_type(int p_track) const;

	int bezier_track_insert_key(int p_track, double p_time, real_t p_value, const Vector2 &p_in_handle, const Vector2 &p_out_handle);
	void bezier_track_set_key_value(int p_track, int p_index, real_t p_value);
	void bezier_track_set_key_in_handle(int p_track, int p_index, const Vector2 &p_handle, real_t p_balanced_value_time_ratio = 1.0);
	void bezier_track_set_key_out_handle(int p_track, int p_index, const Vector2 &p_handle, real_t p_balanced_value_time_ratio = 1.0);
	real_t bezier_track_get_key_value(int p_track, int p_index) const;
	Vector2 bezier_track_get_key_in_handle(int p_track, int p_index) const;
	Vector2 bezier_track_get_key_out_handle(int p_track, int p_index) const;
#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
	void bezier_track_set_key_handle_mode(int p_track, int p_index, HandleMode p_mode, HandleSetMode p_set_mode = HANDLE_SET_MODE_NONE);
	HandleMode bezier_track_get_key_handle_mode(int p_track, int p_index) const;
#endif // TOOLS_ENABLED

	real_t bezier_track_interpolate(int p_track, double p_time) const;

	int audio_track_insert_key(int p_track, double p_time, const Ref<Resource> &p_stream, real_t p_start_offset = 0, real_t p_end_offset = 0);
	void audio_track_set_key_stream(int p_track, int p_key, const Ref<Resource> &p_stream);
	void audio_track_set_key_start_offset(int p_track, int p_key, real_t p_offset);
	void audio_track_set_key_end_offset(int p_track, int p_key, real_t p_offset);
	Ref<Resource> audio_track_get_key_stream(int p_track, int p_key) const;
	real_t audio_track_get_key_start_offset(int p_track, int p_key) const;
	real_t audio_track_get_key_end_offset(int p_track, int p_key) const;

	int animation_track_insert_key(int p_track, double p_time, const StringName &p_animation);
	void animation_track_set_key_animation(int p_track, int p_key, const StringName &p_animation);
	StringName animation_track_get_key_animation(int p_track, int p_key) const;

	void track_set_interpolation_loop_wrap(int p_track, bool p_enable);
	bool track_get_interpolation_loop_wrap(int p_track) const;

	Variant value_track_interpolate(int p_track, double p_time) const;
	void value_track_get_key_indices(int p_track, double p_time, double p_delta, List<int> *p_indices, int p_pingponged = 0) const;
	void value_track_set_update_mode(int p_track, UpdateMode p_mode);
	UpdateMode value_track_get_update_mode(int p_track) const;

	void method_track_get_key_indices(int p_track, double p_time, double p_delta, List<int> *p_indices, int p_pingponged = 0) const;
	Vector<Variant> method_track_get_params(int p_track, int p_key_idx) const;
	StringName method_track_get_name(int p_track, int p_key_idx) const;

	void copy_track(int p_track, Ref<Animation> p_to_animation);

	void track_get_key_indices_in_range(int p_track, double p_time, double p_delta, List<int> *p_indices, int p_pingponged = 0) const;

	void set_length(real_t p_length);
	real_t get_length() const;

	void set_loop_mode(LoopMode p_loop_mode);
	LoopMode get_loop_mode() const;

	void set_step(real_t p_step);
	real_t get_step() const;

	void clear();

	void optimize(real_t p_allowed_velocity_err = 0.01, real_t p_allowed_angular_err = 0.01, int p_precision = 3);
	void compress(uint32_t p_page_size = 8192, uint32_t p_fps = 120, float p_split_tolerance = 4.0); // 4.0 seems to be the split tolerance sweet spot from many tests

	Animation();
	~Animation();
};

VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Animation::TrackType);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Animation::InterpolationType);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Animation::UpdateMode);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Animation::LoopMode);
#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Animation::HandleMode);
VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Animation::HandleSetMode);
#endif // TOOLS_ENABLED

#endif // ANIMATION_H